Ubumi Bwabo

Ukulaibukisha Kalenga Wesu Ukutula ku Bwaice

NGA FINTU CASHIMIKWA NA DAVID Z. HIBSHMAN

“Nga ca kuti nalifwile, ndi uwa shininkisha ukuti naliba uwa bucishinka kuli Yehova. Mpaapaata wene ukuti engansungilako David. Nataasha pa kumpeela David, mwe Yehova, kabili na pa cupo cesu. Caba cupo icisuma, kabili ica nsansa!”

ELENGANYENI fintu nayumfwile pa numa ya kushiika umukashi wandi mu March 1992, no kusanga aya mashiwi alekelesheko ukulemba mu katabo alelembamo ifya pa lwakwe. Imyeshi fye isano ilyo talafwa, twasefeshe imyaka 60 Helen apoosele mu butumikishi bwa nshita yonse.

Ncili ndebukisha bwino bulya bushiku mu 1931 ilyo ine na Helen twaikele pamo pe bungano mu Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A. Nangu ca kuti Helen ali fye mupepi ne myaka 14, e watesekeshe sana ubucindami bwa lilye bungano ukucila ine. Ukupimpila kwakwe ubutumikishi kwamonekeshe lintu aishileba painiya capamo na banyina bafwilwa. Bakabilisha ba nshita yonse pa kati ka Nte sha kwa Yehova e betwa ukuti bapainiya. Bashile ing’anda yabo iisuma ukuya mu kushimikila mu mishi yabela ku kapinda ka ku kulyo aka United States.

Ubupyani Bwandi Ubwa Bwina Kristu

Mu 1910 abafyashi bandi capamo na bana babo abanono babili bafumine ku kabanga ka Pennsylvania ukukuukila ku musumba wa Grove, uwabela ku masamba ya Pennsylvania. E ko bashitile ne ng’anda pa nkongole kabili baleya lyonse ku Reformed Church. Tapakokwele batandalilwe na William Evans, umusambi wa Baibolo, nga fintu Inte sha kwa Yehova shaleitwa pali yo nshita. Batata, abo pali yo nshita bali nakalimo ne myaka ya bukulu 25 kabili ukucilako fye bamayo imyaka isano, bakutike kuli uyu mwaume wa bucibusa umwina Wales kabili bamulaalike ku ca kulya. Mu kwangufyanya fye bapokelele icine ca mu Baibolo ico balesambilila.

Pa kufwaya ukupalamina ku cilonganino, batata bakuushishe ulupwa kwi tauni lya Sharon apali amakilomita 40. Imyeshi imo pa numa, mu 1911  nelyo mu 1912, bamayo na batata balibatishiwe. Charles Taze Russell, presidenti wa kubalilapo uwa Watch Tower Society, alandile ilyashi lya lubatisho. Nafyelwe pa December 4, mu 1916, ninshi libe abafyashi bandi kale kale bali na bana bane. Lintu nafyelwe kwali ukubilisha kwa kuti: “Kwafyalwa na umbi munyinefwe uwatemwikwa.” E pafumine ne shina lyandi ilya kuti, David, icalola mu kuti “Uwatemwikwa.”

Lintu nali fye ne milungu ine, nasendelwe kwi bungano lya kubalilapo ukusangwako. Muli shilya nshiku, batata na bakalamba bandi baleenda imilundu iingi ukuya ku kulongana kwa cilonganino ilintu ine na nkashi yandi twaleendela capamo na bamayo muli motoka wa pa nyanji. Ukulongana kwalecitwa mu lucelo na mu kasuba. Pa ng’anda, ukulanshanya ilingi kwalefuma mu fipande fya mu Ulupungu lwa kwa Kalinda ne fya muli The Golden Age, ishina lya kubalilapo ilya Loleni!

Ukunonkelamo mu fya Kumwenako Fisuma

Abayendo abengi aba fya mipepele, nga fintu bakalanda abenda baleitwa pali yo nshita, baletandalila icilonganino cesu. Ilingi line balelaala pa mwesu nakalimo ubushiku bumo nelyo shibili. Kalanda umo uo nshalaba ni Walter J. Thorn, uwaibukishe Kalenga wakwe mu ‘nshiku sha bulumendo bwakwe.’ (Lukala Milandu 12:1) Lintu nali umwaice, naleshindika batata mu kutambisha filimu wa “Photo-Drama of Creation,” iyakwete imbali shine isha bunkolanya ne lyashi lya kale ilya bantunse ilyakopwa.

Nangu ca kuti Munyina Evans na bakashi bakwe, baMiriam, tabakwetepo abana, bali bafyashi besu aba ku mupashi kabili bashikulwifwe ku lupwa lwesu. BaWilliam lyonse baleita batata ati “We Mwana,” kabili bene na baMiriam balimbile mu lupwa lwesu umupashi wa bukabila bwa mbila nsuma. Mu kutendeka kwa ba 1900, Munyina Evans abwelulwike ku Wales no kutendeka ukusambilisha icine ca mu Baibolo mu ncende shashingulwike Swansea. Kulya bamwishibe nga kashimikila umwina Amerika.

Mu 1928, Munyina Evans alekele incito no kutendeka ukushimikila mu mpili sha ku masamba ya Virginia. Abakalamba bandi babili, Clarence uwali ne myaka 21 na Carl uwali na o ne myaka 19, balimukonkele. Ifwe bonse bakalume bane twapoosele imyaka iingi mu butumikishi bwa nshita yonse. Na kuba, ifwe bonse twalipo bakangalila abenda aba Nte sha kwa Yehova mu nshita ya bulumendo bwesu. Ni nomba line fye ilyo bamayo mwaice, baMary, abo nomba bali mu myaka ya ba 90, banembele ukuti: “Fintu ifwe bonse twaba aba kutasha pa kuti Munyina Evans apimpiile ubutumikishi no kutandalila umusumba wa Grove!” Aba bamayo mwaice baMary na bo baibukishe Kalenga wabo mu nshita ya bukashana bwabo.

Ukusangwa ku Mabungano

Ni batata fye na Clarence e basangilweko kwi bungano lya lulumbi ilya pa Cedar Point, Ohio, mu 1922. Nangu cibe fyo, mu 1924, twalikwete motoka, kabili ulupwa lwesu lonse lwaile kwi bungano mu Columbus, Ohio. Ifwe fwe bana twaenekelwe ukulaishitila ifya kulya pe bungano lya nshiku 8 ukubomfya impiya twaleisungila. Abafyashi besu batile umo umo alingile ukusambilila ifya kuisakamana. E co twatekele inkoko, utululu ne nshimu sha kupandako ubuci, kabili fwe balumendo bonse twaleshitisha inyunshipepala.

Lintu inshita ye bungano lya mu 1927 ilya mu Toronto, ku Canada, yafikile, e lyo fye umwaice wesu Paul akumenye myeshi 6. E co banjebele ukushala pa ng’anda ukulaafwilishako bamayo mwaice ukusakamana Paul, ilintu bamunyinane na bafyashi bandi baile kwi bungano ku Toronto. Nalambwilwe amadola 10, no kushitamo na suti  iipya. Twalikanshiwe lyonse ukulafwala bwino pa kulongana e lyo no ku kanalamfya ifya kufwala.

Ilyo kwali ibungano lishakalabwe ilya mu 1931 ilyabelele mu Columbus, Ohio, e lintu Clarence na Carl baupile kabili bonse bali ni bapainiya capamo na bakashi babo. Bonse baleikala cila muntu no mukashi wakwe mu ng’anda ya pa cikocikala. Carl aupile Claire Houston uwa ku Wheeling, ku Masamba ya Virginia, kabili uyo e mulandu wine naikalile pamo na Helen pe bungano lya mu Columbus, pantu ali mwaice wa kwa Claire.

Ubutumikishi bwa Nshita Yonse

Napwishishe isukulu lya ku sekondari mu 1932 lintu nali ne myaka 15, kabili umwaka wakonkelepo napeele Clarence, uwalecita bupainiya ku kapinda ka ku kulyo aka Carolina, motoka wabomfiwapo. Na ine naipwishe bupainiya kabili natendeke ukubombela pamo na Clarence no mukashi wakwe. Pali yo nshita Helen alecitila bupainiya mu Hopkinsville, Kentucky, kabili wali e muku wa kubalilapo ukumulembela kalata. Lintu na o anembele anjipwishe ukuti: “Bushe ni we painiya?”

Namwaswike muli kalata wandi, uyo asungile mupepi ne myaka 60 ukufikila na lintu afwile, ukuti: “Ee, kabili nsubila ukuti nkatwalilile fye ukube fyo fine.” Muli ulya kalata, nashimikileko Helen pa lwa fyo nashalike akatabo kaleti The Kingdom, the Hope of the World kuli bashimapepo na kuli bashicilye abali mu cifulo candi ica kushimikilamo.

Mu 1933, batata bampangiile akamusakuta pa cikuliko calepele amamita 2.4 na mamita yabili mu bufumo kabili icibumba capangilwe na matenti ukushinguluka nceshi shinono kabili kalikwete na mawindo ku numa na ku ntanshi. Iyo yali e ng’anda yandi pa myaka yakonkelepo ine iya bupainiya.

Mu March 1934, Clarence na Carl, na bakashi babo, Helen na banyina, umwaice wa bakashi ba kwa Clarence na ine, bonse pamo 8, twalungeme ku masamba ku kuyasangwa kwi bungano mu Los Angeles, California. Bamo baendele no kulaala mu cikuliko candi. Naleele muli motoka, ilintu abashala baleele mu ng’anda ya kusonkela. Apantu motoka alefwafwa, twafikile ku Los Angeles pa bushiku bwalenga shibili ubwe bungano lya nshiku 6. Kulya, pa March 26, e ko ine na Helen twalangishishe ukuipeela kwesu kuli Jehova ukupitila mu lubatisho lwa mu menshi.

Pe bungano Joseph F. Rutherford, uwali presidenti wa Watch Tower Society pali ilya nshita, akumenye bapainiya bonse. Alitukoseleshe, ukusosa ukuti twali bakalwa bakosa aba cine ca mu Baibolo. Pali yo nshita, kwaliko ukupayanya kwa kwafwilishako bapainiya mu fya ndalama pa kuti bengatwalilila no butumikishi bwabo.

Amasomo ya Bumi Bonse

Lintu twafumine kwi bungano mu Los Angeles, ifwe bonse twashimikileko abantu ubukombe bwa Bufumu mu mishi fye yonse iya mu Carolina wa ku kapinda ku kulyo, mu Virginia, ku masamba ya Virginia, na mu Kentucky. Imyaka yakonkelepo Helen alembele pa lwa ilya nshita ukuti: “Takwali icilonganino ca kushintililapo, nelyo ifibusa fya kutwafwa, pantu na cine twali abeni mu calo cimbi. Ni nomba njishibe ukuti kanshi nalesambilila. Naleingilishako ubwishibilo.”

Helen aipwishe ukuti: “Cinshi ico umukashana engacita ilintu asha ifibusa na ku mwabo? Kwena tacabipishe nge fyo. Nshibukishapo ukuba ne citendwe. Nalebelenga sana. Tatwatalile atufilwa ukukonka ukutantika kwesu ukwa kubelenga no kusoma impapulo sha Baibolo. Nalepalamina kuli bamayo, ukusambililako ifya kubomfya bwino indalama twakwete, ukuya mu kushita ifya kushita, ukucinja amatayela yapompoloka, ukwipika, ukubila, no kushimikila. Nshiyumfwa ukuti naleyonawila fye nshita kabili kuti natemwa no kubwekeshapo ukucicita na kabili.”

Helen na banyina balikushiwe ne mikalile ya mu cikuliko cinono muli ilya myaka, nangu ca kuti banyina balikwete ing’anda iisuma. Pa numa ye bungano  lya mu Columbus, Ohio, mu 1937, banyina Helen balilwalishe, kabili batekelwe mu cipatala. Bafwilile ku Philippi, ku masamba ya Virginia, ku cifulo bapeelwe ukubombelamo, mu November 1937.

Icupo no Kukonkanyapo Umulimo

Pa June 10, 1938, ine na Helen twacitile ubwinga bwa combela ng’anda mu ng’anda yine Helen afyalilwe mu Elm Grove, mupepi na ku Wheeling, ku masamba ya Virginia. Munyinefwe uwatemwikwa Evans, uwasambilishe ulupwa lwesu icine imyaka iingi ilyo nshilafyalwa, e walandile ilyashi lya bwinga. Pa numa ya bwinga, twapangile ukutendeka umulimo wa bupainiya ku kabanga ka Kentucky, lelo ku ca kusungusha, twalaalikwe ukutendeka umulimo wa kwenda. Uyu mulimo wabimbilemo ukutandalila amabumba ya Nte sha kwa Yehova ku masamba ya Kentucky na mu ncende shimo shimo isha Tennessee ukubafwilisha mu butumikishi bwabo. Kwaliko fye bakabilisha aba Bufumu mupepi na 75 mu ncende shonse twatandalile.

Pali yo nshita, imitontonkanishishe ya bengi yanyonganikwe no kutemwisha icalo, kabili naenekele ukupooswa bwangu mu cifungo pa mulandu wa kukanaibimbamo mu milandu ya calo. (Esaya 2:4) Nangu cibe fyo, pa mulandu wa kwishibikwa nga kashimikila, akabungwe kalembesha no kusala abaume ku bushilika kalimfumisheko no kunsuminisha ukutwalilila mu mulimo wa nshita yonse.

Lintu twatendeke umulimo wa kwenda, mupepi no uuli onse alelandapo pa lwa mushinku wesu uwa bwaice. Mu Hopkinsville, Kentucky, nkashi wa Bwina Kristu aishilekumbatila Helen no kumwipusha ukuti: “Bushe ulenjibukisha?” Mwanakashi Helen ashimikile pe shitolo lya mulume wakwe mu 1933. Ali ni kafundisha wa ku Sunday school, lelo pa numa ya kubelenga icitabo Helen amushilile, ailelomba ubwelelo ku bana be sukulu pa kubasambilisha ifisambilisho fishili fya mu Baibolo. Pa numa ya kufuma muli cilya calici, atendeke ukusabankanya icine ca mu Baibolo mu mushi aleikala. Ine na Helen twali mu mulimo wa kwenda pa myaka itatu kulya ku masamba ya Kentucky, kabili ulya nkashi no mulume wakwe bacitile ing’anda yabo nge ng’anda yesu.

Pali ilya nshita twalekwata amabungano yanono, kabili A. H. Macmillan aishilebombelapo limo ilya aya. Alikelepo mu mwabo Helen lintu Helen ali fye akaice, e co pe bungano, asalilepo ukwikala na ifwe mu ng’anda ya kukulika kuli motoka iyalepele amamita yasano, umo twakwete ubusanshi bwalundwapo. Na o wine aibukishe Kalenga wakwe mu nshiku sha bulumendo bwakwe, pa kuba naipeela kuli Yehova mu 1900, lintu ali ne myaka 23.

Mu November 1941 umulimo wa bamunyina abenda waliminikwe pa nshita imo, kabili napeelwe umulimo wa bupainiya mu Hazard, Kentucky. Na kabili twabombele no mukalamba wandi Carl no mukashi wakwe, Claire. Kuno e ko umwanasenge wa kwa Helen, Joseph Houston, aishileisansha kuli ifwe no kutendeka bupainiya. Atwalilile mu mulimo wa nshita yonse mupepi ne myaka 50, kabili mu 1992 alifwile mfwa ya kupumikisha ku bulwele bwa ku mutima ninshi abombela muli bucishinka pa maofeshi yakalamba aya Nte sha kwa Yehova mu Brooklyn, New York.

Mu 1943 emo twapeelwe umulimo ku musumba wa Rockville, Connecticut. Ici cali kwati calo cimbi kuli ifwe pantu twabeleshe ukushimikila ku kapinda ka ku kulyo aka United States. Mu Rockville, Helen aletungulula lyonse amasambililo ya Baibolo ukucila pali 20 cila mulungu. Mu kupita kwa nshita, twatendeke ukusonkela umuputule walinga no kuucita Ing’anda ya Bufumu, kabili twateyenye akalibumba akanono nge cilonganino.

Ilyo twalebombela mu Rockville, twalaalikwe ukuyasangwa kwi kalasi lyalenga yasano ilya Watchtower Bible School of Gilead mu South Lansing, New York. Ku ca buseko, twasangile ukuti Aubrey na Bertha Bivens, abali ifibusa fyesu ilyo twalebomba bupainiya mu Kentucky, bali no kuba na ifwe mu kalasi limo line.

Isukulu no Mulimo Wesu Uupya

Nangu ca kuti twali tucili abaice, twalipo abakulu pa bengi abo twali na bo mwi kalasi limo line. Ca cine, aba na bo baleibukisha Kalenga wabo mu nshita sha bwaice bwabo. Twapwishishe isukulu mu July 1945, ilyo fye Inkondo ya Calo iya 2 yalepalamina ukupwa. Ilyo twalelolela ukutumwa muli bumishonari, twabombele pamo ne Cilonganino ca Flatbush mu Brooklyn, New York. Mu kupelako, pa October 21, 1946, ifwe capamo na basambi banensu 6 e lyo na Bivense no mukashi wakwe, twapeelwe umulimo wa bumishonari mu musumba wa Guatemala, ku Guatemala. Pali yo nshita, ba Nte bali muli filya fyalo fyabela pa kati ka Amerika tabafikile na kuli 50.

Mu April 1949 bamo pali bamishonari twatwelwe ku Quetzaltenango, umusumba wakonkapo  ubukulu no kucindama muli cilya calo. Quetzaltenango musumba wabela pa muulu ica kuti nga kupima ukufuma pa kubatama kwa bemba mamita 2,300, kabili paba akamwela katalala kabili akasuma. Helen asupula imibombele yesu, ukulemba ukuti: “Lyali lishuko lyesu ukushimikila mu matauni ayengi ne mishi iingi. Twaleima ulucelo ku ma 04:00 hrs no kunina basi (uwaleba fye na maketani mu cifulo ca mawindo) ukuya kwi tauni limbi ilyabela ukutali. Nga twafika kulya twaleshimikila mupepi na maawala 8 e lyo ukubwelulukako lilya caba icungulo.” Ilelo umwingi umo twashimikile mwaliba ifilonganino, ukusanshako na mu Quetzaltenango umuli ifilonganino 6.

Bwangu bwangu kwali ubwite bwa bamishonari ukubombela mu Puerto Barrios ku lulamba lwa Caribbean, umusumba walenga butatu ku bukulu mu Guatemala. Ifibusa fyesu ifyatemwikwa Bivens no mukashi wakwe, abo twabombele na bo mu Guatemala pa myaka isano, bali pali balya bapokelele umulimo wa kuyabombela muli uyu musumba. Twayumfwile ububi ukupaatukana na bo kabili bashile icipunda mu bumi bwesu. Apantu twashelepo fye fweka pa ng’anda ya bamishonari, twaselele mu kamuputule akanono. Mu 1955, ine na Helen twapeelwe umulimo uupya ku musumba wa Mazatenango. Kasuli mu mwesu, Paul, no mukashi wakwe, Dolores, abapwishishe isukulu lya Gileadi mu 1953, balibombelemo mu Mazatenango ilyo tushilayako.

Mu 1958 twakwete baNte ukucila pali 700, ifilonganino 20, ne miputule itatu mu Guatemala. Ine na Helen twabwelulukile na kabili mu mulimo wa kwenda, ukulatandalila utumabumba twa Nte ne filonganino ifingi, ukusanshako ne ca mu Quetzaltenango. Lyene, mu August 1959, twalaalikwe ukubwelela mu musumba wa Guatemala, uko twaikele pe ofeshi lya Watch Tower. Napeelwe umulimo wa kubombela pe ofeshi lya Watch Tower, ilintu Helen atwalilile bumishonari pa myaka na imbi 16. Pa numa na o aishile mu kubombela pe ofeshi lya Watch Tower.

Amapaalo Yalundwapo

Mu 1962, pa numa ya kubomba imyaka itatu pa ofeshi ya Watch Tower, nalilaalikwe ukuyasangwa kwi sukulu lya babomfi bangalila amaofeshi ya Watch Tower mwi kalasi lyalenga 38 ilya Gileadi, ilya myeshi 10. Lintu nali kuli li sukulu, Helen alembele ukuti: “Batila cisuma ukukanaba pamo, katwishi nga ca cine, lelo ico njishibe ca kuti ici nacinenga ukuwaminako, kabili naliba ne nsansa ilyo ndekulolela. . . . Kuli ifintu fibili mu bumi ifyo ndefwaya ukucita, ukutwalilila ukubombela Yehova e lyo no kuba na iwe.”

Ku kutampa kwa ba 1970 indupwa ishingi ukufuma ku Canada na ku United States shaishile ku Guatemala. Baishile mu kubombela ukwali ukukabila kukalamba ukwa bakasabankanya ukucila mu fyalo fyabo. Abengi abaishile baishile pa mulandu wa kwibukisha Kalenga wabo mu bwaice bwabo. Mu cifulo ca kwikala ku mwabo no kulafwaya ifya kuisekesha fye, baishileafwilishako ubukuule bwa Mayanda ya Bufumu, Iciyanda ca Kulonganinamo Ukulongana Kukalamba, ne ofeshi lipya ilya Watch Tower, e lyo no kubombako umulimo wa kushimikila.

Mu myaka yafumako nalemona kwati nine nali uwacepesha pa balebombela Yehova. Nomba umukote ushelepo nine, nga fintu camwenwe lintu nasangilwe kwi sukulu lya babomfi bangalila amaofeshi ya Watch Tower ku Patterson, New York, mu 1996. Nga fintu naleafwiwa ku bakalamba ilyo nali umwaice, e fyo na ine njafwilisha abacaice abafwaisha ukwibukisha Kalenga wabo mu bwaice bwabo.

Yehova atwalilila ukupaala abantu bakwe kuno ku Guatemala. Mu 1999 kwali ifilonganino ukucila pali 60 mu musumba wa Guatemala. Kabili ukuli konse muli cilya calo kuli ifilonganino ifingi na makana ya bakabilisha ba mbila nsuma ya Bufumu bwa kwa Lesa. Abaali bakasabankanya ba Bufumu abashafikile na kuli 50 lintu twafikile mupepi ne myaka 53 iyapitapo nomba balicila pali 19,000!

Fingi ifya Kutashishapo

Takwaba umwenda mushiki uushiponenwa na macushi, lelo kuti lyonse ‘twapoosa pali Yehova icisendo cesu icafina.’ (Amalumbo 55:22) Ilingi line  alatulama ukupitila mu kwafwa kwa fibusa fyatemwikwa. Ku ca kumwenako, imyaka imo ilyo Helen ashilafwa, ampeele akapampa kamo ifi apalembwa ilembo lya mu Baibolo ilya pa AbaHebere 6:10 ukuti: “Lesa te wa lufyengo ica kuti alaba na ku fyo mwalecucutika na ku fyo mwamutemwa pa kupyungila abantu Bakwe kabili na pa fyo mucili mulemupyungila.”—Weymouth.

Kakalata akakatikeko kalimo na mashiwi ya ukuti: “We mutemwikwa, tapali nangu cimo ico ningakupeela, kano fye UKUTEMWA KWANDI KONSE . . . Ili lembo nalikulinga sana, kabili nalomba ukuti ulibike pe tebulo lyobe, te kuti ni co nine nakupeela, lelo ni mu kuti likakwaafwa mu mulimo obe uwa myaka iingi.” Ukufika no bwa lelo, kalya kapampa kacili pe tebulo lyandi mwi ofeshi mombela ilya Watch Tower mu Guatemala.

Nalibombela Yehova ukutula ku bwaice bwandi, kabili nomba, ndetasha Yehova mu nshiku sha bukote bwandi pa kukanalwalilila pa kuti ningatwalilila ukubomba incito napeelwa. Ilyo ndebelenga Baibolo lyonse, ilingi line nsanga amalembo ayo ntila umutemwikwa Helen nga ashilapo muli Baibolo wakwe. Ici cancitikile lintu na bwekeshepo ukubelenga Amalumbo 48:14 apatila: “E fyaba Lesa, Lesa wesu, umuyayaya umuyayaya. (Wene akatutungulula ukufika na ku mfwa.)”

Ndayumfwa uwa buseko ukulondolwelako bambi pa lwa bushiku bwa kubuuka lintu abanko shonse isha ku numa bakalasengela abatemwikwa babo abafwa mu calo cipya. We cilolelo! We filamba fya buseko fikabako pali ilya nshita lintu twaibukisha ukuti cine cine Yehova ni Lesa ‘uusansamusha abalanda!’—2 Abena Korinti 7:6.

[Icikope pe bula 25]

Ukufuma pa muulu ku kuso ukuya ku kulyo ni: bamayo, batata, bamayo mwaice baEva, na bamunyinane Carl na Clarence, mu 1910

[Ifikope pe bula 26]

Helen na ine, mu 1947 na mu 1992