Mwāfikīle Bible Kotudi

Muswelo upandile Bible ku koneka kufika ne dyalelo, bine i kingelengele. Wāpwile kulembwa pano ke myaka 1 900 ne kupita. Wālembelwe pa bintu byoneka bukidibukidi—pa māni a mbuba ne pa biseba bya banyema—kadi ludimi lubajinji lwaāsonekelwe’mo i kelunenwangapo na bantu bavule dyalelo. Mwanda mukwabo i wa bantu ba lupusa, bambikavu, kufika’nka ne ku bendeji ba bipwilo bālongele bukomo bwa kujimankanya Bible.

LELO kino kipungwa kitulumukwa i kipande namani myaka na myaka ne kwikala ke dibuku ditumbe? Tala’tu ino myanda ibidi.

Kutentulwa Kubalama Bilembwa

Bantu ba kala ba mu Isalela bādi balama bilembwa bidi mu Bible, bālongele bukomo bwa kukinga mivungo mibajinjibajinji ne kwiitentula divule dine. Kimfwa mulopwe ense wa Isalela wāsoñanibwe kutentwila “mu wandi mukanda bino Bijila, biyetwe mu byobya bilaminwe na babitobo bene Levi.”—Kupituluka mu Bijila 17:18.

Bene Isalela bavule bādi basenswe kutanga Bisonekwa, abo’mba i Kinenwa kya Leza. Mu uno muswelo, basonekeji bafundijibwe bādi batentula na katentekeji bino bilembwa. Musonekeji umo wakaminwe Leza witwa bu Ezela, i mutelwe bu “mutentudi ujingulwile senene Bijila bya Mosesa, byaletele Yehova Leza wa Isalela.” (Ezela 7:6) Bamasolete, bene bādi batentula Bisonekwa bya Kihebelu, nansha’mba “Kipwanino kya Kala,” pa bukata bwa myaka katwa ka busamba ne ka dikumi Y.M., bādi babala’nka ne kubala bungi bwa masomo mwanda wa kutyina bilubo. Kutentula bisonekwa uno muswelo, kwākweshe ku kulama musapu ulembelwe ne kulengeja Bible aleke kujimankana nansha byaādi utambwa na balwana kyaba ne kyaba.

Kimfwa mu 168 Y.K., Antiokusa IV, mwendeji mwine Shidea wātompele kusōka mikanda yonso ya Bisonekwa bya Kihebelu mu Paleshitina monso. Mulembi umo wa mānga Muyuda unena’mba: “Muvungo onso wa bijila obādi batana, bādi beusana na kwiusōka.” Kitabo The Jewish Encyclopedia kinena’mba: “Basola bobāpele uno mwingilo, bādi bewingila na kininga kyonso . . . Shi abakukwata na mukanda ujila . . . mfuto yobe i kwipaibwa.” Inoko, mivungo ya Bisonekwa yāpandile mu Bayuda ba mu Paleshitina enka ne mu boba ba mu matanda makwabo.

Balembi ba Bisonekwa bya Kingidiki bya Bwine Kidishitu, ko kunena’mba “Kipwanino Kipya,” pobāpwile’tu mingilo yabo, makopi avudila’ko a ino mikanda ya ku bukomo bwa mushipiditu, ya bupolofeto, ne ya mānga. Kimfwa Yoano, wālembēle Evanjile yandi mu Efisesa nansha kubwipi. Ino, kudi kipindi kya ino Evanjile, kinena bashayuka’mba kibalonga myaka isenselela ku 50, kyatenwe ku Edipito, ku makilometele tutwa na tutwa na ku Efisesa. Kino kilombola’mba bene Kidishitu bādi ku matanda a kulampe, bādi na mikanda yādi imonwa kitatyi’kya bu bilembwa bya ku bukomo bwa mushipiditu.

Kwabanibwa koku ne koku kwa Kinenwa kya Leza nako kwakweshe Bible atyibulule myaka tutwa na tutwa papo Yesu ke mwende. Kimfwa, nsekununi inena’mba, lubanga lumo lwa mu mafuku 23 Kweji 2, 303 Y.M., Dioclétien, mbikavu mwine Loma wādi ubandila pādi papomona basola bandi bibelo bya kipwilo kimo ne kusōka makopi a Bisonekwa. Dioclétien wādi ulanga’mba usa kubwanya kujimankanya bwine Kidishitu shi wasōka bilembwa bijila. Difuku dilonda’ko, waela mbila amba basōke ku meso a bantu bonso Mabible onso adi mu Umbikalo wa Loma. Nansha nankyo, kudi makopi āpandile kadi ātentulwa monka. Bipindi bikatampe bya makopi abidi a Bible mu Kingidiki, padi a kinondanonda na kupwa kwa butambañani bwa Dioclétien akidi’ko ne panenwa pano. Kopi imo idi mu Loma; mikwabo nayo mu British Library mu Londres, mu Angeletele.

Nansha byokekwatenwe bilembwa bya Bible bibajinjibajinji, kudi makopi tununu na tununu a Bible mutuntulu nansha kipindi apandile kufika ne dyalelo. Amo moadi i a kala bininge. Le musapu wādi mu bilembwa bibajinjibajinji i mushinte? Mufundi umo, Green, unena pa mwanda utala Bisonekwa bya Kihebelu amba: “Tukokeja kunena’mba byādi bilamwe mu muswelo wādi kewalaminwe’po kintu kikwabo nansha kimo kya mu mafuku’a.” Pa mwanda utala Bisonekwa bya Kingidiki bya Bwine Kidishitu, mwendeji umo mu myanda itala bilembwa bya Bible, Frederic Kenyon, i mulembe amba: “Kwishila kwa kyaba pa bukata bwa kitatyi kyālembelwe bilembwa bibajinjibajinji na kya bilembwa bya kala bininge byotudi nabyo i kutyetye bininge, kubwanya ne kusūlwa, kadi milangwe ya mfulo yadi ikokeja kulengeja muntu atatane butuntulu bwa Bisonekwa pano i mifwe fwē. Kwitabijibwa ne kukunkana kwa mikanda ya Kipwanino Kipya mfulo mfulō pano i kushimatyijibwe.” Unena kadi amba: “Tukokeja kunena na bukomo bonso amba bilembwa bya mu Bible i bya bine. . . . I kutupu kitabo kikwabo kya kala pano pa ntanda kibingijibwa bwa kino.”

Kwalamunwa mu Ndimi kwa Bible

Mwanda wa bubidi mukatampe ulengeje Bible ekale kitabo kiyukane kupita byonso i kwikala kwaikele mu ndimi mivule. Kino i kikwatañane na kiswa-mutyima kya Leza kya amba bantu ba mizo yonso ne ndimi bamuyuke ne kumutōta “na mushipiditu ne bubine.”—Yoano 4:23, 24; Mika 4:2.

Bwalamuni bubajinji buyukane bwa Bisonekwa bya Kihebelu i bobwa bwa Septante bwaālamwinwe mu Kingidiki. Bwaālamwininwe Bayuda bādi besamba Kingidiki kebādipo mu Paleshitina, kadi bwāpwile kwalamunwa kintu kya myaka tutwa tubidi kumeso kwa mwingilo wa Yesu pano pa ntanda. Bible mutuntulu, udi’mo ne Bisonekwa bya Kingidiki bya Bwine Kidishitu, waālamwinwe mu ndimi mivule myaka tutwa kampanda pa kupwa kwa kukunkana’ye. Kitatyi kityetye pa kupita’po, balopwe ne babitobo, bene badi bafwaninwe kulonga bukomo bwabo bonso amba bantu bekale na Bible mu makasa, balonga bishile. Balongele’ko bukomo bwa kushiya bantu mu fukutu ya ku mushipiditu na kupeleja kwalamuna Kinenwa kya Leza mu ndimi inenwa na bavule.

Bipwilo ne Malopwe pa kukomenwa namino, bantu bamo ba bukankamane bātūdile būmi bwabo mu kyaka mwanda wa kwalamuna Bible mu ludimi lwivwana bantu. Kimfwa mu 1530, William Tyndale, muntu wisamba Angele mufunde ku Oxford, wālupwile Pantateke, Bible wa mikanda itano ya Bisonekwa bya Kihebelu. Nansha byobādi bamulwa bininge, wāikele bu muntu mubajinji kwalamuna Bible tamba mu Kihebelu kumutūdidīla mu Kingidiki. Kadi Tyndale wāikele bu mwalamuni mubajinji kwingidija dijina Yehova. Mufundi mukwabo wa Bible mwine Eshipanye witwa bu Casiodoro de Reina wādi nyeke mu kyaka kya kwipaibwa na bene Katolika bādi bamulondalonda kitatyi kyaādi walamuna Bible umo wa mu Mabible mabajinji a mu Kieshipanyole. Pa kuvuya mwingilo wandi, byāmulombele kunyemena mu Angeletele, mu Alemanye, mu Franse, mu Holande, ne mu Swise. *

Dyalelo Bible ukyalamunwa mu ndimi mivule mine, kadi Mabible midiyo ne midiyo aa keo akilupulwa. Kupanda kupandile Bible ne kwikala bu kitabo kitumbe kubingija bubine bwa binenwa bya ku bukomo bwa mushipiditu bya mutumibwa Petelo bya amba: “Biyombo byūmanga, ne maluba nao akūkukanga, ino kinenwa kya Yehova akyo kilādilanga nyeke.”—1 Petelo 1:24, 25.

[Kunshi kwa dyani]

[Bilembwa bya Kifwatulo]

I BWALAMUNI’KA BOMFWANINWE KUTANGA?

Ndimi mivule idi na malamuni a Bible meshileshile. Amo i makomo kwivwana kadi a muneneno wa kala. Makwabo mudi bwanapabo buvule, a bwalamuni bunenunune na kitungo kya kupēleja bitangwa pa kya kyaba kya kulama musapu. Ino kudi angi nao alamwinwe kishima pa kishima.

Bible wa mu Angele wa Bisonekwa Bijila—Bwalamuni bwa Ntanda Mipya, ulupwilwe na Batumoni ba Yehova, i mutambidile ku ndimi imbajinjibajinji na bukwashi bwa komite umo kadipo usaka kutelwa dijina. Buno bwalamuni nabo bwakwasha bu pa kulondela pa kwalamuna mu ndimi mikwabo kintu kya 60. Balamuni ba mu ino ndimi badi badingakanya byobalamuna na bilembwa bya mu ludimi lubajinji. Bwalamuni bwa Ntanda Mipya budi na kitungo kya kwalamuna kishima pa kishima ponso pokebushintapo musapu. Balamuni basakanga kulengeja Bible ekale wivwanikwa ku batangi ba dyalelo monka mwādi mwivwanikilwa bilembwa bibajinjibajinji ku batangi ba mu kitatyi’kya.

Befundi ba ndimi babandawile malamuni a dyalelo a Bible, kubadila’mo ne Bwalamuni bwa Ntanda Mpya, mwanda wa kumona shi mudi bilubo ne milangwe milēmenene kumo. Umo bidi i mufundi Jason David BeDuhn, polofesele wa bwifundi bwa bipwilo ku Iniveleshite ya kungala kwa Arizona mu États-Unis. Mu 2003 walupwile kitabo kya mapaje 200 kīsambila pa malamuni kitema a “Mabible engidijibwa bininge mu mitamba inenwa Angele.” * Buno bwifundi bwabandawile mavese palapala a mu Bisonekwa amweka bwa epatanya ne avudile “kwikonga’mo milangwe ya bantu ne byalamunwa.” Waikele kudingakanya vese ne vese wa bwalamuni bwa mu Angele na mwalembēlwe mu bilembwa bya Kingidiki, ne kumona shi balamuni bashintyile buluji na kwela’mo milangwe ya byobakulupile. Byafula kwepi?

BeDuhn unena’mba bantu bavule ne befundi banenanga’mba mu Bible wa Bwalamuni bwa Ntanda Mipya mudi kwishila kukatampe mwanda balamuni i bēle’mo milangwe ya kipwilo yobalēmenene’ko. Inoko, aye unena’mba: “Kwishila kukatampe kudi’mo i kwa pa mwanda wa bubine bwa uno Bible ne mwalamwino wandi wa kishima ne kishima wingidijibwe mwanda wa kulama bwalamuni.” Nansha BeDuhn byakaitabijepo mwalamwino umoumo wa Bwalamuni bwa Ntanda Mipya, inoko i munene amba buno bwalamuni “i bupite makwabo onso onadingakenye ku kulama bubine bwa musapu.” I mwibutele bu bwalamuni “bulumbuluke’po kashā.”

Polofesele Benjamin Kedar, mufundi Muhebelu wa mu Israel, wanenene bintu bidi na bityibila’ko pa mwanda utala Bwalamuni bwa Ntanda Mipya. Wanenene mu 1989 amba: “Buno bwalamuni bumwekeja kininga kya binebine kyalongelwe pa kufikila pa kwivwanija bininge bubine bwa bilembwa. . . . Nkyamwene mu Bwalamuni bwa Ntanda Mipya milangwe ya kukimba kunena kintu kekidipo mu bilembwa.”

Wiipangule amba: ‘Le kitungo kyami pontanga Bible i kyepi? Le nkimbanga’tu enka byobya bipēla kutanga pampikwa kuta mutyima ku bubine? Nansha le nsakanga milangwe ilamete bininge ku bilembwa bibajinjibajinji bya ku bukomo bwa mushipiditu ujila?’ (2 Petelo 1:20, 21) Kitungo kyobe kyo kikakukwasha uyuke bwalamuni bofwaninwe kutanga.

[Kunshi kwa dyani]

[Kifwatulo]

Mabible a “Bisonekwa Bijila—Bwalamuni bwa Ntanda Mipya” adi’ko mu ndimi mivule mine

[Kifwatulo]

Bilembwa bya Bamasolete

[Kifwatulo]

Kipēta kidi’po Luka 12:7, “. . . kemwakityinai; mudi na bulēme kutabuka misolwe mingi”

[Kutambile Kifwatulo]

Foreground page: National Library of Russia, St. Petersburg; second and third: Bibelmuseum, Münster; background: © The Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin