Samalani ndi Poizoni

M’zaka zaposachedwapa mayiko ambiri akhala akuletsa anthu kugulitsa zidole ndi zinthu zina zamtengo wapatali zimene anthu amavala pofuna kudzikongoletsa. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa chakuti zina mwa zinthu zimenezi zimakhala ndi mankhwala enaake oopsa ndipo ngati ana atayamwa kapena kumeza zinthuzi akhoza kudwala kapena kufa kumene. Mankhwalawa ndi oopsa kwambiri makamaka kwa ana omwe sanakwanitse zaka 6, chifukwa chakuti ubongo wawo umakhala usanakhwime.

MALINGA ndi kafukufuku wa sukulu ina yophunzitsa zachipatala (Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health), mankhwala amenewa amawononga mapulotini omwe amathandiza kwambiri kuti ubongo uzikula bwino. Ofufuza apeza kuti ana akameza mankhwalawa, pafupifupi 50 peresenti imalowerera m’thupi mwawo pamene anthu achikulire akameza mankhwalawa ndi 10 kapena 15 peresenti yokha imene imalowerera m’thupi mwawo.

Posachedwapa, kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti ngakhale mlingo wochepa wa mankhwalawa umene mayiko ena amaloleza kuika mu zinthu, ndi woopsa. Bungwe lina la ku United States loteteza anthu ku ngozi zosiyanasiyana (National Safety Council), linanena kuti mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti ana “asamakhale ndi nzeru, azilephera kumvetsera, akhale osamvera, azichedwa kukula, ndiponso azidwala matenda a impso.” Amayi amsinkhu wobereka ayenera kusamala kwambiri ndi mankhwalawa chifukwa amatha kupha mwana wosabadwa. *

Mankhwalawa amathanso kupezeka m’zakudya komanso zakumwa zomwe zasungidwa m’zinthu zadothi zopakidwa mankhwalawa. Zinthu zimenezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Asia ndi ku Latin America. Nthawi zina amasunga madzi akumwa m’mitsuko n’cholinga choti azizire, ndipo amamwa zinthu zotentha pogwiritsa ntchito makapu adothi okhala ndi mankhwalawa. Kafukufuku wina wokhudza ana osapitirira zaka zisanu yemwe anachitikira ku Mexico City, anasonyeza kuti pafupifupi theka la ana opitirira miyezi 18 anali ndi mankhwala ambiri m’magazi awo. Akuti anawa anameza mankhwalawa kudzera m’zakudya zophikidwira m’zinthu zadothi. Zinthu zadothi amazipaka mankhwalawa n’cholinga choti zikhale zosalala akaziotcha. Koma mankhwalawa amatha kusungunuka n’kulowa m’zakudya makamaka akaziika pamoto kapena akaikamo zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.

Mankhwalawa Amapezeka M’zinthu Zambiri

Mankhwalawa amapezekanso m’mafuta a galimoto omwe sanayengedwe.  Ngakhale kuti masiku ano mayiko ambiri akumayenga mafuta a galimoto n’cholinga choti achotsemo mankhwalawa, Bungwe Loona za Umoyo pa Dziko Lonse lapeza kuti mayiko pafupifupi 100 akugwiritsabe ntchito mafuta a galimoto osayenga. Vuto ndi lakuti mankhwalawa sawola kapena kutha mphamvu. Tizidutswa ting’onoting’ono ta mankhwalawa tochokera mu utsi wa galimoto timalowa m’fumbi la m’phepete mwa msewu. Choncho, anthu amapuma fumbi lokhala ndi mankhwalawa.

Mankhwalawa amapezekanso panyumba zakale zimene zinapakidwa penti yokhala ndi mankhwalawa mayiko asanaletse anthu kugwiritsa ntchito penti yotereyi. Ku United States, pafupifupi nyumba zokwana 38 miliyoni zili ndi penti yotereyi. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti nyumba 40 pa nyumba 100 zilizonse zili ndi penti yokhala ndi mankhwalawa. Akamakonza nyumbazi, fumbi lake likhoza kuyambitsa matenda.

Mizinda ndiponso nyumba zambiri zakale zili ndi mapaipi a madzi okhala ndi mankhwalawa. Chipatala cha Mayo, chomwe n’chotchuka kwambiri ku United States, chimalimbikitsa anthu kuti akatsegula madzi a pa mpopi aziyembekezera kuti papite kaye mphindi imodzi kapena theka asanamwe. Madzi otentha ochokera m’mipopi imeneyi sayenera kumwedwa kapena kuphikira chakudya, makamaka cha ana.

Ngati munthu atapezeka ndi mankhwalawa m’magazi mwake, mlingo wa mankhwalawo ungathe kuchepa m’kupita kwa nthawi malinga ngati m’thupi mwake simukulowanso mankhwala ena. Anthu amene akukaikira kuti mwina ali ndi mankhwalawa m’magazi mwawo, angachite bwino kukayezetsa kuchipatala. Ngati atapezeka kuti ali ndi mankhwalawa m’magazi mwawo, ayenera kuthandizidwa mwamsanga.

M’pofunika Kuphunzitsa Anthu za Kuopsa Kwake

Ngati mankhwalawa atamalowa m’thupi pang’onopang’ono, m’kupita kwa nthawi munthu akhoza kufa. Munthu akhozanso kufa ngati mankhwala ambiri atalowa m’thupi lake nthawi imodzi. Bungwe lina la ku United States lofufuza za matenda linanena kuti m’chaka cha 2006, mwana wina wa zaka zinayi anafa atameza mwangozi kachitsulo komwe kanali ndi mankhwalawa ambiri.

Pofuna kusonyeza kuti m’pofunika kuphunzitsa anthu za kuwopsa kwa mankhwalawa, buku lina linanena kuti mwana mmodzi pa ana 20 aliwonse a ku United States ali ndi mankhwala ambiri m’magazi. Popeza kuti dziko limeneli limaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti m’mayiko amene mulibe malamulo oletsa mankhwalawa muli ana ambiri omwe ali ndi mankhwalawa m’magazi mwawo. Choncho, m’pofunika kusamala.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 29]

ZIZINDIKIRO ZINA ZOSONYEZA KUTI MWANA ALI NDI MANKHWALAWA M’MAGAZI MWAKE

Kumva kupweteka m’mimba, ukali, kuchepa kwa magazi, kusakhazikika pochita zinthu, kudzimbidwa, kutopa, kupweteka kwa mutu, kusachedwa kukhumudwa, kukhala ndi nzeru zochepa, kusafuna kudya, kufooka, ndiponso kupinimbira.—MEDLINE PLUS MEDICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.