Buku Limene Mungathe Kulikhulupirira​—Gawo 2

Zimene Baibulo Limanena Zokhudza Ufumu wa Asuri

Ino ndi nkhani yachiwiri pa nkhani 7 zotsatizana zimene zilembedwe m’magazini a “Galamukani!” Nkhanizi zikufotokoza za maufumu 7 otchulidwa m’Baibulo amene analamulirapo dziko lonse. Cholinga cha nkhanizi n’kusonyeza kuti Baibulo ndi lodalirika komanso kuti linauziridwa ndi Mulungu. Zalembedwanso n’cholinga chosonyeza kuti uthenga wa m’Baibulo umatipatsa chiyembekezo chakuti mavuto onse amene ulamuliro wa anthu wabweretsa, adzatha.

KALE anthu a ku Middle East akangomva dzina lakuti Asuri, ankachita mantha kwambiri. Malinga ndi buku la m’Baibulo la Yona, mneneri Yona atapatsidwa ntchito ndi Mulungu yoti akalalikire uthenga wachiweruzo kumzinda wa Nineve, womwe unali likulu la dziko la Asuri, anathawa n’kulowera kwina. (Yona 1:1-3) Mwina iye anathawa chifukwa chakuti Asuri ankadziwika kuti ndi anthu oopsa.

Mbiri Yodalirika

Mneneri Nahumu anafotokoza kuti Nineve ndi “malo obisalamo mikango” komanso “mzinda wokhetsa magazi.” Iye ananenanso kuti: “Nthawi zonse umafunkha zinthu za anthu ena. Kukumveka kulira kwa mkwapulo, kulira kwa mawilo, mgugu wa mahatchi ndi kudumpha kwa magaleta. Komanso pali asilikali okwera pamahatchi, malupanga a moto walawilawi, mikondo yowalima ngati  mphezi, anthu ambiri ophedwa ndiponso mulu waukulu wa mitembo moti pena paliponse pali mitembo yosawerengeka. Anthu akupunthwa pamitembo ya anthu awo.” (Nahumu 2:11; 3:1-3) Kodi zimene mabuku a mbiri yakale amanena zokhudza ufumu wa Asuri zimagwirizana ndi zimene Baibulo limanena?

Buku lina lofotokoza za mbiri yakale (Light From the Ancient Past) linanena kuti Asuri anali “anthu odziwa kumenya nkhondo mwankhanza, ndipo anthu ankachita nawo mantha kwambiri.” Mfumu ina ya Asuri, dzina lake Ashurnasirpal II, inafotokoza motere nkhanza zomwe inachitira adani ake:

“Ndinamanga chipilala pachipata cha mzinda wake. Kenako ndinasenda khungu la amuna onse amene anandipandukira ndipo ndinamata chipilalacho ndi khungu lawolo. Ena ndinawakhomerera kuchipilalacho, ena ndinawapachika pamitengo n’kuwakweza pachipilalacho, . . . ndinadula manja ndi miyendo ya akuluakulu a kunyumba yachifumu amene anandipandukira. . . . Anthu ambiri amene ndinawagwira ndinawatentha ndi moto, ndipo ena ndinawatenga kuti akhale akapolo anga.” Anthu ofukula zinthu zakale atafukula mabwinja a nyumba zachifumu za Asuri, anapeza kuti pamakoma a nyumbazo anajambulapo zithunzi zosonyeza nkhanza zoopsa zimene ankachitira akapolo awo.

M’chaka cha 740 B.C.E., Asuri anagonjetsa mzinda wa Samariya, womwe unali likulu la ufumu wakumpoto wa Isiraeli, ndipo anatenga anthu n’kupita nawo ku ukapolo. Patapita zaka zina 8, Asuri anagonjetsa mzinda wa Yuda. * (2 Mafumu 18:13) Mfumu Senakeribu ya Asuri inalamula Mfumu Hezekiya ya Ayuda kuti ipereke msonkho wokwana matalente 30 a golide ndi matalente 300 a siliva. Baibulo limanena kuti Hezekiya anapereka zinthu zimenezi. Koma ngakhale kuti msonkhowu unaperekedwa, Senakeribu ananena kuti mzinda wa Yerusalemu, womwe unali likulu la dziko la Yuda, nawonso uvomereze msangamsanga kukhala pansi pa ufumu wake.—2 Mafumu 18:9-17, 28-31.

Anthu ofukula zinthu zakale atafukula mabwinja a Nineve, anapeza phale lokhala ndi mbali 6 lomwe analembapo nkhani imeneyi pofotokoza zina mwa zinthu zimene Senakeribu anachita. Mu nkhaniyo, mfumu Senakeribu ankadzitamandira kuti: “Hezekiya Myuda sanafune kugonjera goli langa. Choncho ndinazungulira mizinda yake yamphamvu yokwana 46, n’kuigonjetsa. Ndinagonjetsanso nyumba zokhala ndi mipanda yolimba kwambiri, ndi midzi yambirimbiri yozungulira nyumba zimenezi . . . [Hezekiya] ndinamusandutsa mkaidi ku Yerusalemu m’nyumba yake yachifumu, ndipo anali ngati mbalame yomwe sikuloledwa kutuluka panja.” Kenako Senakeribu ananena kuti Hezekiya anatumiza kwa iye “matalente 30 a golide, matalente 800 a siliva, miyala yamtengo wapatali, . . . (ndi) zinthu zina zosiyanasiyana zamtengo wapatali.” Apa iye anakokomeza kwambiri chiwerengero cha matalente asiliva amene analandiradi.

Mungaone kuti pa nkhaniyi, Senakeribu sakutchula paliponse kuti anagonjetsa mzinda wa Yerusalemu. Ndipo sakutchula ngakhale pang’ono kuti gulu lake la asilikali linagonjetsedwa mochititsa manyazi ndi Aisiraeli omwe anathandizidwa ndi Mulungu. Baibulo limanena kuti mngelo wa Mulungu anapha asilikali a Asuri okwana 185,000 usiku umodzi wokha. (2 Mafumu 19:35, 36) Katswiri wina wa mbiri yakale, dzina lake Jack Finegan, anati: “Popeza mafumu a Asuri ankakonda kudzitama kwambiri akamalemba nkhani zawo, sitingayembekezere kuti Senakeribu angalembe za kugonjetsedwa kumeneku.”

 Ulosi Wodalirika

Kutatsala pafupifupi zaka 100 kuti ufumu wa Asuri ugonjetsedwe, Yesaya ananena kuti Yehova Mulungu adzalanga olamulira ake odzikuza chifukwa cha mwano umene iwo ankachitira anthu ake. Yehova anati: “Ndidzalanga mfumu ya Asuri chifukwa cha zipatso za mwano wa mumtima mwake ndiponso chifukwa cha kudzikuza kwa maso ake onyada.” (Yesaya 10:12) Ndiponso mneneri Nahumu analosera kuti zipata za mzinda wa Nineve zidzakhala zotsegula ndipo adani adzalowa, alonda onse adzathawa ndipo chilichonse cha mumzindawo chidzatengedwa. (Nahumu 2:8, 9; 3:7, 13, 17, 19) Mneneri Zefaniya analemba kuti mzindawu udzakhala “bwinja.”—Zefaniya 2:13-15.

Maulosi onena za kuwonongedwa kwa Nineve amenewa anakwaniritsidwa m’chaka cha 632 B.C.E. Mzindawu unagonjetsedwa mochititsa manyazi ndi ufumu wa Babulo komanso Mediya, ndipo ufumu wa Asuri unathera pomwepo. Nkhani ina yolembedwa ku Babulo yokhudza kugonjetsedwa kumeneku inanena kuti asilikaliwo “anatenga zinthu zambirimbiri zimene zinali mumzindawo komanso m’kachisi,” ndipo mzinda wa Nineve unakhala “bwinja.” Malo omwe kale panali mzinda wa Nineve amapezeka kum’mwera kwa mtsinje wa Tigirisi, pafupi ndi mzinda wa Mosul ku Iraq, koma masiku ano pamalopa ndi pabwinja.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa ufumu wa Asuri kunathandizira kuti ulosi winanso wa m’Baibulo ukwaniritsidwe. M’chaka cha 740 B.C.E., zimenezi zisanachitike, Asuri anagonjetsa ufumu wa mafuko 10 wa Isiraeli, n’kutengera anthu ake ku ukapolo. Chapanthawi yomweyi, mneneri Yesaya analosera kuti Yehova ‘adzathyola Msuri’ ndipo ‘adzamupondaponda,’ n’kumasula Aisiraeli kuti abwerere kwawo. Yesaya analembanso kuti Mulungu ‘adzatenga anthu ake otsala kuchokera ku Asuri . . . n’kuwasonkhanitsa pamodzi.’ Zimenezi n’zimene zinachitikadi patadutsa zaka 200 kuchokera pamene Yesaya ananena ulosiwu.—Yesaya 11:11, 12; 14:25.

Lonjezo Lodalirika

Kutatsala zaka zambiri kuti mzinda wa Nineve ugwe, pa nthawi imene mafumu ake ankachititsabe anthu mantha, Yesaya analosera za kubwera kwa mtsogoleri wina wosiyana kwambiri ndi atsogoleri a Nineve. Iye analemba kuti: “Kwa ife kwabadwa mwana. Ife tapatsidwa mwana wamwamuna, ndipo paphewa pake padzakhala ulamuliro. Iye adzapatsidwa dzina lakuti . . . Kalonga Wamtendere. Ulamuliro wake wangati wa kalonga udzafika kutali ndipo mtendere sudzatha pampando wachifumu wa Davide ndiponso mu ufumu wake, kuti iye achititse ufumuwo kukhazikika ndi kukhala wolimba pogwiritsa ntchito chilungamo, ndiponso pogwiritsa ntchito mtima wowongoka, kuyambira panopa mpaka kalekale. Yehova wa makamu adzachita zimenezi modzipereka kwambiri.”—Yesaya 9:6, 7.

“Kalonga Wamtendere” ameneyu, Yesu Khristu, azidzalamulira dziko lonse lapansi. Lemba la Salimo 72:7, 8 limati: “M’masiku ake, wolungama adzaphuka, ndipo padzakhala mtendere wochuluka kwa nthawi yonse pamene mwezi udzakhalepo. Ndipo adzakhala ndi anthu omugonjera kuchokera kunyanja kukafika kunyanja, komanso kuchokera ku Mtsinje [wa Firate] kukafika kumalekezero a dziko lapansi.”

Kudzera mwa “Kalonga Wamtendere” komanso wamphamvu ameneyu, Yehova Mulungu adzakwaniritsa lonjezo limene linalembedwa pa Salimo 46:8, 9, lakuti: “Bwerani anthu inu, onani ntchito za Yehova, onani mmene wakhazikitsira zinthu zodabwitsa padziko lapansi. Akuletsa nkhondo mpaka kumalekezero a dziko lapansi. Wathyola uta ndi kuduladula mkondo. Ndipo watentha magaleta pamoto.”

Poyembekezera kukwaniritsidwa kwa ulosi wa m’Baibulo umenewu, Mboni za Yehova zikugwira ntchito yophunzitsa anthu Baibulo. Ntchito imeneyi imathandiza anthu kukhala mwamtendere, monga momwe Yesu ankaphunzitsira. Zoonadi, Mulungu, osati munthu, ndi amene adzakwaniritse ulosi umene unalembedwa pa Yesaya 2:4, wakuti: “Iwo adzasula malupanga awo kuti akhale makasu a pulawo, ndi mikondo yawo kuti ikhale zida zosadzira mitengo. Mtundu wa anthu sudzanyamula lupanga kuti umenyane ndi mtundu unzake, ndipo anthuwo sadzaphunziranso nkhondo.” Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, masiku ano olamulira a dzikoli amawononga ndalama zankhaninkhani, zokwana pafupifupi madola 1,000 biliyoni chaka chilichonse, pogula zida zankhondo ndi kuchitira zinthu zina zokhudzana ndi nkhondo.

Tingathe kuona kuti Baibulo ndi buku losiyana kwambiri ndi mabuku ena onse chifukwa mbiri yake komanso ulosi wake ndi zolondola. Zimenezi zimathandiza anthu amene akufunafuna choonadi ndi mtima wonse kuzindikira kuti Baibulo ndi buku limene angathe kulikhulupirira. Mu nkhani yotsatira, tidzaona za Ufumu wa Babulo, womwe ndi ufumu wachitatu wotchulidwa m’Baibulo umene unalamulirapo dziko lonse.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Mapu patsamba 26]

(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)

UFUMU WA ASURI

MEDIYA

ASURI

Khorsabad

Nineve

Calah

Asshur

Babulo

Tigirisi

Firate

Nyanja ya Mediterranean (Nyanja Yaikulu)

Samariya

Yerusalemu

IGUPUTO

[Chithunzi patsamba 26]

Ng’ombe zaikulu zokhala ndi mapiko komanso mutu wa munthu zinkalondera nyumba zachifumu za mafumu a Asuri

[Chithunzi patsamba 27]

Phale la mbali 6 pamene panalembedwa mawu a Senakeribu odzitamandira atagonjetsa Ayuda

[Chithunzi pamasamba 26, 27]

Chithunzi chojambulidwa pamwala chosonyeza akaidi akusendedwa khungu ali moyo

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 27]

Page 26, top, time line: Egyptian wall relief and bust of Nero: Photograph taken by courtesy of the British Museum; Persian wall relief: Musée du Louvre, Paris; bottom, winged bull and page 27, both images: Photograph taken by courtesy of the British Museum