“Mawu anu ndiwo choonadi.”​—YOH. 17:17.

1. Kodi mutangoyamba kulankhula ndi Mboni za Yehova, munaona kuti zimasiyana bwanji ndi zipembedzo zina?

TAGANIZIRANI za nthawi yoyamba imene munakambirana za m’Baibulo ndi Mboni za Yehova. Kodi mumakumbukira zotani? Ambiri angayankhe kuti: ‘Ndinachita chidwi kwambiri chifukwa chakuti a Mboni za Yehova ankagwiritsa ntchito Baibulo poyankha mafunso anga onse.’ Tinasangalala kudziwa cholinga cha Mulungu polenga dziko lapansi, zimene zimachitika munthu akamwalira komanso zimene zidzachitikire anthu amene timawakonda omwe anamwalira.

2. N’chifukwa chiyani mumaona kuti Baibulo ndi lofunika kwambiri?

² Pamene tikupitiriza kuphunzira Baibulo timafika pozindikira kuti sikuti limangopereka mayankho okhudza moyo, imfa ndi zimene tikuyembekezera m’tsogolo koma limatithandiza m’njira zambiri. Baibulo ndi buku lofunika kwambiri kuposa buku lina lililonse padziko lapansi. Ngakhale kuti Baibulo linalembedwa kalekale, malangizo ake ndi othandizabe mpaka pano. Ndipo anthu amene amatsatira malangizo ake amakhala osangalala komanso zinthu zimawayendera bwino. (Werengani Salimo 1:1-3.) Akhristu oona salandira Baibulo “monga mawu a anthu ayi, koma mmene alilidi, monga mawu a Mulungu.” (1 Ates. 2:13) Tsopano tiyeni tione zinthu zina zimene zinachitika m’mbuyomu zomwe zimasonyeza kusiyana pakati pa anthu amene amalemekeza Mawu a Mulungu ndi amene sawalemekeza.

NKHANI YOVUTA INATHETSEDWA

3. Kodi ndi nkhani iti imene ikanasokoneza mgwirizano mu mpingo wachikhristu ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani inali yovuta kuithetsa?

³ Koneliyo anali munthu woyamba kudzozedwa mwa anthu osadulidwa a mitundu ina. Pamene zinatha zaka 13 chichitikireni zimenezi, anthu ambiri a mitundu ina anali atakhalanso Akhristu. Kenako kunabuka nkhani yovuta imene ikanasokoneza mgwirizano mu mpingo wachikhristu.  Ndiyeno funso linali lakuti: Kodi amuna a mitundu inayo asanabatizidwe anafunikanso kudulidwa malinga ndi mwambo wachiyuda? Kwa Myuda, funso limeneli linali lovuta. Ayuda amene ankatsatira Chilamulo sankalowa m’nyumba za anthu a mitundu ina ndipo sankacheza nawo. Akhristu achiyuda ankazunzidwa kwambiri chifukwa chosiya chipembedzo chawo. Kulola kuti azikhala limodzi ndi anthu a mitundu ina, amene anali osadulidwa, kukanangowonjezera chidani cha pakati pa Ayuda ndi Akhristu ndipo bwenzi Akhristuwo akuzunzidwa kwambiri.​—Agal. 2:11-14.

4. Kodi ndani anasonkhana kuti athetse nkhaniyi, ndipo kodi anthu owaona akanakhala ndi mafunso ati?

⁴ M’chaka cha 49 C.E., atumwi ndi akulu, omwe anali Ayuda odulidwa, “anasonkhana pamodzi kuti akambirane nkhani imeneyi” ku Yerusalemu. (Mac. 15:6) Sikuti anakambirana nkhani zosafunika kapena kungokangana pa nkhani zachipembedzo, m’malomwake anakambirana ziphunzitso za m’Baibulo. Aliyense anafotokoza maganizo ake mosapita m’mbali. Kodi analola zofuna zawo kapena tsankho kuwasokoneza posankha zochita? Kodi akuluwa anasankha kuti adikire mpaka nthawi imene anthu ku Isiraeli sanali kudana kwambiri ndi Akhristu? Kapena kodi onse anasintha pang’ono zimene anaona kuti ndi zolondola n’cholinga choti agwirizane chimodzi?

5. Kodi zokambirana za ku Yerusalemu mu 49 C.E. zikusiyana bwanji ndi zokambirana za m’matchalitchi?

⁵ Masiku ano, pa zokambirana za m’matchalitchi, anthu amangovomereza zinthu zimene sakugwirizana nazo n’cholinga choti angothana ndi nkhaniyo. Anthu ena amayesa kukopa anzawo kuti akhale mbali yawo. Koma izi si zimene zinachitika pa zokambirana za ku Yerusalemu. Chosangalatsa n’chakuti anagwirizana chimodzi. Kodi zimenezi zinatheka bwanji? Ngakhale kuti aliyense ankaona kuti maganizo ake ndi olondola, anthu onse amene anasonkhana ankalemekeza Mawu a Mulungu ndipo anagwiritsa ntchito Mawuwo pothetsa nkhaniyi.​—Werengani Salimo 119:97-101.

6, 7. Kodi atumwi ndi akulu anagwiritsa ntchito bwanji Malemba pothetsa nkhani yokhudza mdulidwe?

⁶ Nkhaniyi inathetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito Amosi 9:11, 12. Lembali analigwira mawu pa Machitidwe 15:16, 17 pamene timawerenga kuti: “Ndidzabwerera ndi kumanganso nyumba ya Davide imene inagwa. Ndidzamanganso malo ogumuka a nyumbayo ndi kuiimikanso. Ndidzachita zimenezi kuti anthu otsalirawo afunefune Yehova ndi mtima wonse. Amufunefune pamodzi ndi mitundu yonse ya anthu, anthu otchedwa ndi dzina langa, watero Yehova.”

⁷ Koma wina anganene kuti, ‘Lembalitu silikunena kuti anthu a mitundu ina amene anayamba kukhulupirira sanafunike kudulidwa.’ Zimenezo n’zoona koma Akhristu achiyuda anamvetsa zimene lembali linkatanthauza. Iwo ankaona kuti anthu a mitundu ina amene anali odulidwa ndi abale awo. (Eks. 12:48, 49) Mwachitsanzo, m’Baibulo lina, lemba la Esitere 8:17 limati: “Anthu ambiri a mitundu ina anadulidwa ndipo anakhala Ayuda.” (Septuagint ya Bagster) Choncho zinali zomveka pamene Malemba analosera kuti anthu otsalira a nyumba ya Isiraeli (Ayuda ndi anthu a mitundu ina odulidwa amene analowa Chiyuda) pamodzi ndi “mitundu yonse ya anthu” (anthu a mitundu ina osadulidwa) adzakhala anthu otchedwa ndi dzina la Mulungu. Chotero anthu a mitundu ina amene ankafuna kukhala Akhristu sanafunike kudulidwa.

8. N’chifukwa chiyani Akhristu achiyuda anafunika kulimba mtima kuti afike popanga chigamulo?

⁸ Akhristu amenewa ‘anagwirizana chimodzi’ mothandizidwa ndi Mawu a Mulungu komanso mzimu wake. (Mac. 15:25) Ngakhale kuti Akhristu achiyuda akanazunzidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha zimene zinasankhidwazi, Akhristu okhulupirika anazitsatira ndi mtima wonse podziwa kuti n’zochokera m’Malemba.​—Mac. 16:4, 5.

 KUSIYANA KUONEKERA

9. Kodi n’chiyani chinachititsa kuti anthu aipitse kulambira koona, nanga ndi chiphunzitso chofunika chiti chimene anthu anachipotoza?

⁹ Mtumwi Paulo anali ataneneratu kuti atumwi onse akadzamwalira, kulambira koona kudzasokonezeka ndi ziphunzitso zonyenga. (Werengani 2 Atesalonika 2:3, 7.) Ngakhale anthu amene ali ndi maudindo, nawonso sadzafunanso “chiphunzitso cholondola.” (2 Tim. 4:3) Paulo anachenjeza akulu a m’nthawi yake kuti: “Pakati panu anthu ena adzayamba kulankhula zinthu zopotoka kuti apatutse ophunzira aziwatsatira.” (Mac. 20:30) Buku lina limafotokoza chinthu china chimene chinachititsa anthu kuyamba kulankhula zinthu zopotoka. Limati: “Akhristu amene anaphunzira za nzeru za Agiriki ankafuna kugwiritsa ntchito nzeruzo kuti afotokoze zikhulupiriro zawo. Ankatero pofuna kudzimva kuti ndi anzeru komanso pofuna kukopa anthu ophunzira kuti akhale Akhristu.” (The New Encyclopædia Britannica) Chiphunzitso china chofunika kwambiri chimene anachipotoza ndi chokhudza Yesu Khristu. Baibulo limanena kuti iye ndi Mwana wa Mulungu koma anthu okonda nzeru za Agiriki ankati iye ndi Mulungu.

10. Kodi nkhani yoti Khristu ndi ndani ikanathetsedwa bwanji?

¹⁰ Anthu anakambirana nkhani imeneyi pa misonkhano ingapo ya Tchalitchi. Nkhaniyi ikanatha mosavuta ngati anthu amene anabwerawo akanalemekeza Malemba, koma ambiri sanachite zimenezi. Anthu ambiri anali atasankhiratu m’maganizo mwawo zimene amakhulupirira asanapite ku misonkhanoyi ndipo anachoka akukhulupirirabe kwambiri zomwezo. Iwo sanagwiritse ntchito Malemba m’pang’ono pomwe pa zokambirana komanso zosankha zawo.

11. Kodi atsogoleri a Tchalitchi anayendera maganizo a ndani posankha zochita ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani anatero?

¹¹ N’chifukwa chiyani iwo sanagwiritse ntchito Malemba? Katswiri wina dzina lake Charles Freeman ananena kuti iwo sanatero chifukwa chakuti zimene Baibulo limanena sizinkagwirizana ndi maganizo awo akuti Yesu ndi Mulungu. Yesu ananena yekha kuti Mulungu ndi wamkulu. Atsogoleri a Tchalitchiwo ankaona kuti mawuwa ndi osatsutsika koma ankaona kuti miyambo ya tchalitchi komanso maganizo a anthu ndi ofunika kwambiri kuposa Uthenga Wabwino. Masiku anonso, atsogoleri a Tchalitchi amaona kuti zonena za akuluakulu awo amene amawatcha Abambo n’zofunika kwambiri kuposa Mawu a Mulungu. Ngati munakambiranapo ndi munthu wophunzira zachipembedzo pa nkhani ya Utatu, muyenera kuti munaona umboni wa zimenezi.

12. Kodi olamulira achiroma anali ndi mphamvu zotani?

¹² Chochititsa chidwi n’choti olamulira achiroma ndi amene ankatsogolera zokambirana pa misonkhano imeneyi. Mwachitsanzo, pulofesa wina dzina lake Richard E. Rubenstein analemba zimene zinachitika pa msonkhano wa ku Nicaea. Iye ananena kuti Constantine, amene anali atangoyamba kumene kulamulira, analemeretsa kwambiri mabishopu. Pasanathe chaka n’chimodzi chomwe, wolamulira ameneyu anabwezera mabishopu zonse zimene analandidwa monga, matchalitchi, ulemu wawo ndiponso ntchito zawo. Iye anapereka kwa mabishopu maudindo amene m’mbuyomo ankaperekedwa kwa ansembe a milungu yonyenga. Izi zinachititsa kuti Constantine akhale ndi mphamvu zambiri pa zokambirana za ku Nicaea ndipo mwina ankatha kusintha zinthu zimene anthu anasankha. Charles Freeman analembanso kuti kuchokera pa msonkhano umenewu wolamulirayu anali ndi mphamvu mumpingo ndipo ankatha kusintha ziphunzitso zina.​—Werengani Yakobo 4:4.

13. Kodi mukuganiza kuti n’chiyani chinachititsa kuti atsogoleri a Tchalitchi anyalanyaze ziphunzitso za m’Baibulo zosavuta kumva?

¹³ Atsogoleri a Tchalitchi sankavomereza kuti Yesu ndi Mwana wa Mulungu koma anthu wamba ambirimbiri ankavomereza mfundoyi. Zinali choncho chifukwa chakuti anthu wambawa ankamvetsa ndiponso kuvomereza zimene ankawerenga m’Malemba. Koma atsogoleri a Tchalitchi ankanyalanyaza  zimene Baibulo limanena chifukwa chakuti ankafuna kupeza ndalama komanso maudindo kuchokera kwa olamulira. Mtsogoleri wachipembedzo wina dzina lake Gregory wa ku Nyssa ananena zinthu zonyoza maganizo a anthu wamba pa nkhani ya chipembedzo. Ananena za anthu monga ogulitsa zovala kapena zakudya, osintha ndalama, amagulosale ndiponso akapolo. Iye anati: “Ukafuna kuti anthu akusinthe ndalama amakuyankha kuti Mwana ndi wosiyana ndi Atate. Ukafunsa mtengo wa buledi amakuyankha kuti Atate ndi wamkulu kuposa Mwana ndipo ukafunsa wantchito ngati watereka madzi osamba amakuyankha kuti Mwana anachita kulengedwa.” Mosiyana ndi atsogoleri a Tchalitchi, anthu wambawa ankafotokoza mfundo za choonadi pogwiritsa ntchito Mawu a Mulungu. Gregory ndi anzake akanachita bwino akanamvera zimene anthu wambawa ankanena.

“TIRIGU” NDI “NAMSONGOLE” ZIKULIRA LIMODZI

14. N’chifukwa chiyani tinganene kuti kuyambira nthawi ya atumwi, padziko lapansi nthawi zonse pakhala Akhristu odzozedwa enieni?

¹⁴ Mu fanizo lake, Yesu anasonyeza kuti kuyambira nthawi ya atumwi, padziko lapansi padzakhalabe Akhristu odzozedwa enieni. Iye anawayerekezera ndi “tirigu” amene ali pakati pa “namsongole.” (Mat. 13:30) N’zoona kuti sitinganene motsimikizira mayina a anthu kapena magulu amene anali tirigu kapena kuti odzozedwa enieni. Koma ndife otsimikiza kuti nthawi zonse padziko lapansi pakhala anthu amene molimba mtima atetezera Mawu a Mulungu ndi kutsutsa ziphunzitso zonama za Tchalitchi. Tiyeni tione zitsanzo zingapo.

15, 16. Tchulani anthu ena amene ankalemekeza Mawu a Mulungu.

¹⁵ Bishopu wamkulu Agobard wa ku Lyons ku France (anabadwa mu 779 n’kumwalira mu 840 C.E.) anatsutsa kulambira mafano, kulemba mayina a anthu oyera mtima pamakoma a matchalitchi ndiponso miyambo ina yosemphana ndi Malemba. Mnzake wa Agobard wotchedwa Bishopu Claudius nayenso anakana miyambo ya Tchalitchi ndiponso zoti anthu azipemphera kwa oyera mtima ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zinthu zina polambira. M’zaka za m’ma 1000 C E. dikoni wamkulu wa ku Tours ku France dzina lake Berengarius anachotsedwa mu mpingo wa Katolika chifukwa chokana chiphunzitso chakuti pa nthawi ya misa mkate ndi vinyo zimasintha kukhala thupi lenileni ndi magazi enieni a Khristu. Iye ankaona Baibulo kukhala lofunika kwambiri kuposa miyambo ya Tchalitchi.

¹⁶ Anthu monga Peter wa ku Bruys ndi Henry wa ku Lausanne amene anakhala ndi moyo m’zaka za m’ma 1100 C.E. ankakondanso choonadi cha m’Baibulo. Peter anatula pansi udindo wake monga wansembe chifukwa ankaona kuti ziphunzitso zina zachikatolika n’zosagwirizana ndi Malemba. Ziphunzitso zake ndi monga zoti ana akhanda akhoza kubatizidwa, zoti pa misa mkate ndi vinyo zimasintha, zopempherera anthu akufa ndiponso kulambira mtanda. M’chaka cha  1140 Peter anawotchedwa chifukwa cha zimene ankakhulupirira. Henry, yemwe anali wansembe, anatsutsa chinyengo chimene chinkachitika m’Tchalitchi ndiponso miyambo ina yosagwirizana ndi Malemba. Iye anamangidwa m’chaka cha 1148 ndipo anakhala m’ndende moyo wake wonse.

17. Kodi ndi zinthu zofunika zotani zimene Waldo ndi otsatira ake anachita?

¹⁷ Pafupifupi nthawi imene Peter wa ku Bruys anaphedwa chifukwa chotsutsa Tchalitchi, munthu wina amene anadzathandiza kuti choonadi cha m’Baibulo chifalitsidwe anabadwa. Iye ankatchedwa Valdès, kapena kuti Waldo. * Mosiyana ndi Peter wa ku Bruys ndiponso Henry wa ku Lausanne, iye sanachite maphunziro achipembedzo koma ankaona kuti Mawu a Mulungu ndi ofunika kwambiri. Iye anasiya katundu wake n’cholinga choti athandize kumasulira mbali zina za Baibulo m’chilankhulo cha anthu wamba a kum’mwera kwa France. Anthu ena anasangalala kumva uthenga wa m’Baibulo m’chinenero chawo moti anasiyanso katundu wawo n’cholinga choti agwiritse ntchito moyo wawo pouza ena choonadi cha m’Baibulo. Izi zinakwiyitsa kwambiri atsogoleri a Tchalitchi. M’chaka cha 1184 papa anachotsa amuna ndi akazi akhama amenewa, omwe ankatchedwa Awadensi, mu mpingo wachikatolika ndipo bishopu wa kumeneko sanalole kuti anthu amenewa abwerere kwawo. Izi zinathandiza kuti uthenga wa m’Baibulo ufalitsidwe m’madera ena. Kenako otsatira a Waldo, Peter wa ku Bruys ndi Henry wa ku Lausanne komanso anthu ena amene anatuluka Tchalitchi, anayamba kuchuluka ku Ulaya. Ndiyeno m’zaka zotsatira, anthu ena anayambanso kumenyera nkhondo choonadi cha m’Baibulo. Ena mwa iwo anali John Wycliffe (amene anabadwa mu 1330 n’kumwalira mu 1384), William Tyndale (amene anabadwa mu 1494 n’kumwalira mu 1536), Henry Grew (amene anabadwa mu 1781 n’kumwalira mu 1862) ndiponso George Storrs (amene anabadwa mu 1796 n’kumwalira mu 1879).

“MAWU A MULUNGU SAMANGIKA”

18. Kodi ophunzira Baibulo m’zaka za m’ma 1800 ankaphunzira bwanji Malemba ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani njira imeneyi inali yabwino kwambiri?

¹⁸ Anthu odana ndi choonadi cha m’Baibulo ayesetsa kwambiri kuti chisafalitsidwe koma alephera. Pa lemba la 2 Timoteyo 2:9 timawerenga kuti: “Mawu a Mulungu samangika.” M’chaka cha 1870 kagulu ka ophunzira Baibulo kanayamba kufufuza choonadi. Kodi iwo ankaphunzira bwanji? Choyamba, munthu wina ankafunsa funso pa nkhani inayake. Ndiyeno ankakambirana. Kenako ankafufuza malemba onse onena za nkhani imeneyo ndipo akaona kugwirizana kwa malembawo ankamanga mfundo imodzi n’kulemba zimene apezazo. Njira imeneyi inali yabwino kwambiri chifukwa ankatsatira zimene atumwi ndi akulu ankachita. N’zolimbikitsa kudziwa kuti anthu amenewa, omwe ndi oyambirira m’mbiri ya Mboni za Yehova, ankaonetsetsa kuti zikhulupiriro zawo n’zochokera m’Mawu a Mulungu basi.

19. Kodi lemba la chaka cha 2012 ndi liti ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani lili loyenera?

¹⁹ Masiku anonso zikhulupiriro zathu zonse n’zochokera m’Baibulo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, Bungwe Lolamulira la Mboni za Yehova lasankha kuti lemba la chaka cha 2012 likhale mawu a Yesu a pa Yohane 17:17 akuti: “Mawu anu ndiwo choonadi.” Aliyense amene akufuna kusangalatsa Mulungu ayenera kuyenda m’choonadi. Choncho tiyeni tonsefe nthawi zonse tiyesetse mmene tingathere kuti tizitsogoleredwa ndi Mawu a Mulungu.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Mafunso]

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 8]

Lemba lathu la chaka cha 2012 ndi lakuti: “Mawu anu ndiwo choonadi.”​—Yoh. 17:17.

[Chithunzi patsamba 7]

Waldo

[Chithunzi patsamba 7]

Wycliffe

[Chithunzi patsamba 7]

Tyndale

[Chithunzi patsamba 7]

Grew

[Chithunzi patsamba 7]

Storrs