Amaya Apeza Ufulu Weniweni

MTUNDU wa anthu wotchedwa Maya ndi wodziwika bwino chifukwa cha zinthu zapadera zimene mtunduwu unayambitsa. Chaka chilichonse anthu oona malo amapita ku dera lotchedwa Yucatán Peninsula ku Mexico kukaona zipilala zazikulu kwambiri ngati zomwe zili ku Chichén Itzá ndi Cobá. Amaya anali ndi luso la zopangapanga. Koma kuphatikiza pa luso limeneli, analinso akatswiri pankhani ya zolembalemba, masamu ndiponso sayansi ya zakuthambo. Anayambitsanso mtundu wa kalembedwe wogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi, anayambitsa chilembo cha 0 ndiponso kalendala ya masiku 365 mwina ndi mwina imafanana ndi kalendala yokhala ndi chaka chotha ndi masiku 366.

Pankhani ya chipembedzo, Amaya anali wosiyana ndi anthu ambiri. Iwo ankakhulupirira milungu yambiri. Ankapembedza dzuwa, mwezi, mvula, chimanga ndi zinthu zina zambiri. Ansembe awo ankakhulupirira kwambiri nyenyezi. Popembedza ankafukiza nsembe ndiponso kugwiritsa ntchito mafano, ankadzichekacheka, kudzicheka ziwalo, ndiponso kupereka nsembe anthu amene anali akaidi ndi akapolo, makamaka ana.

Kufika kwa Anthu a ku Spain

Anthu a ku Spain atafika m’derali chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1500, anapeza mtundu wochititsa chidwi umenewu. Cholinga cha anthuwa chinali kupeza malo ndi chuma komanso kutembenuza anthu a mtundu wa Maya kuti akhale Akatolika, n’cholinga choti asiye miyambo yawo yachikunja. Kodi anthu a ku Spain amenewa anapatsadi Amaya ufulu wachipembedzo kapena wina uliwonse?

Anthu a ku Spain kuphatikizapo atsogoleri a tchalitchi cha Katolika analanda malo omwe Amaya ankalima kuyambira kale kwambiri. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti Amaya ayambe kuvutika ndiponso kudana ndi anthu a ku Spain. Atsamundawa analandanso zitsime zomwe Amaya ankatungako madzi m’dera la Yucatán Peninsula. Mavuto ena anawonjezeka pamene tchalitchi cha Katolika chinayamba kukakamiza Amaya kuti azipereka msonkho. Munthu aliyense wamwamuna anafunika kumapereka 12 rila * ndi theka ndipo akazi ankafunika kupereka 9 rila. Zimenezi zinawonjezera mavuto chifukwa panalinso msonkho waukulu waboma umene anthuwa ankapereka.  Anthu a ku Spain ankalima anthu pamsana pokhazikitsa msonkho wa tchalitchi woti Amaya azipereka ndiponso ankawakakamiza kuti azigwira ntchito polipira msonkhowo. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti Amaya akhale ngati akapolo.

Ansembe ankalipiritsanso anthu amene akufuna kubatizidwa kapena kukwatira, ndiponso ankalipiritsa manda. Chifukwa cholanda malo, kukhazikitsa msonkho, ndiponso chifukwa chomalipiritsa anthu pazinthu zina, tchalitchi chinalemera kwambiri ndipo Amaya anapitirira kusauka. Amaya ankaonedwa kuti ndi anthu okhulupirira zamatsenga ndiponso mbuli zotheratu. Motero, atsogoleri achipembedzo komanso akuluakulu aboma ankawakwapula kuti akhale anthu omvera ndiponso kuti asiye zikhulupiriro zawozo.

Nkhondo Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira

Amaya anayamba kubwezera pokana kupereka msonkho wa kutchalitchi, kuletsa ana awo kupita kusukulu, kukana kupita ku makalasi a katekisimu, ndiponso kukana kugwira ntchito ku minda ya atsamunda. Koma zimenezi zinangochititsa kuti ayambe kuzunzidwa kwambiri. Zinthu zinafika poipa kwambiri mu 1847, patatha zaka 300 akulamulidwa ndi anthu a ku Spain. Amaya anaukira anthu a ku Spain pankhondo yofuna ufulu wodzilamulira.

Atsogoleri a Amaya pankhondoyi ankagwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chomwe ankachitchula kuti Mtanda Wolankhula. Munthu wina ankalankhula ndipo mawu ake ankamveka mu mtandawu. Mawuwo anali olimbikitsa Amaya kuti amenyane ndi atsamunda mpaka imfa. Koma Amaya anakumana ndi zoopsa kwambiri pankhondoyi. Pamene nkhondoyo imatha mu 1853, Amaya a ku Yucatán 40 pa 100 aliwonse anali ataphedwa. Chidani chinapitirirabe kwa zaka 55. Kenako Amaya anamasuka ku ulamuliro wopondereza wa anthu a ku Spain, ndipo anakhalanso ndi mwayi wokhala ndi minda. Nanga bwanji za ufulu wa kupembedza?

Analibe Ufulu Weniweni

Nkhondo yomenyera ufulu ndiponso Chikatolika chimene anthu a ku Spain anabweretsa sizinathandize kuti Amaya akhale ndi ufulu weniweni. Masiku ano anthu a m’derali amalambira motsatira miyambo yakale ya anthu a ku Latin America ndi miyambo ya tchalitchi cha Katolika.

Ponena za Amaya a masiku ano, buku lina linati: “Amaya amalambira milungu ndiponso mizimu ya makolo awo m’minda, m’mapanga ndi m’mapiri . . . komanso amalambira oyera mtima ku tchalitchi.” (The Mayas​—3000 Years of Civilization) N’chifukwa chake mulungu wotchedwa Quetzalcoatl amamuyerekezera ndi Yesu ndipo mulungu wina wamkazi amamuyerekezera ndi Virigo Mariya. Ndiponso anasiya kulambira mtengo, n’kuyamba kulambira mtanda ndipo ankauthirira madzi ngati kuti ndi chinthu chomera. Pamtandawo sakolekapo chifaniziro cha Yesu, m’malomwake amakolekapo nthambi za mtengo momwe ankaulambira uja.

Kenako Anapeza Mtendere Weniweni

Zaka zingapo zapitazo Mboni za Yehova za ku Mexico zinali kalikiliki kugwira ntchito yophunzitsa Baibulo anthu a mtundu wa Maya. Pofuna kuthandiza Amaya kudziwa cholinga cha Mulungu chokhudza anthu, pakonzedwa magazini ngati imene mukuwerengayi ndiponso mabuku ofotokoza Baibulo m’chinenero chimene Amaya amamva. Kodi chachitika n’chiyani chifukwa cha zimenezi? Tikunena pano pali Amaya 6,600 amene akufalitsa uthenga wabwino wa Ufumu ndipo ali m’mipingo ya Mboni za Yehova yokwana 241 ya kumeneko. Kunena zoona, sizinali zophweka kuti Amaya asiye zikhulupiriro za makolo n’kuyamba kukhulupirira Baibulo.

Pali Amaya ambiri amene anasiya zikhulupiriro za makolo awo ngakhale kuti kuchita zimenezi kunali kovuta. Marcelino ndi mkazi wake Margarita anali Akatolika olimbikira kwambiri. Chaka chilichonse iwo ankanyamula mtanda kuchokera kutchalitchi mpaka kunyumba kwawo  kumene ankapereka nsembe za nyama. Akatero ankadya nyamayo ndi achibale awo komanso anzawo. Kenako Mboni za Yehova zinafika pakhomo pawo n’kuyamba kuphunzira nawo Baibulo. Iwo anati: “Tinazindikira kuti zimene tinkaphunzirazo zinalidi zoona. Komabe tinkaopa kuti mizimu itikhaulitsa tikangoyerekeza kusiya zikhulupiriro zathu.” Komabe iwo anapitiriza kuphunzira Baibulo. “Marcelino anati: “Pang’onopang’ono choonadi chinayamba kutifika mumtima. Zimenezi zinatilimbitsa mtima kuti tiyambe kuuza achibale athu ndi anzathu zimene tinali kuphunzira m’Baibulo. Tsopano ndife osangalala chifukwa tinamasuka ku zikhulupiriro zabodza. Timangodandaula kuti sitinachite zimenezi mwamsanga. Moti panopo timafuna kuti nthawi imene tinawonongayo tiibwezeretse polimbikira kwambiri kuuza ena za choonadi chosangalatsa cha m’Baibulo.”

Alfonso, yemwe ali ndi zaka 73, analinso Mkatolika wolimbikira kwambiri. M’tauni imene ankakhala, iyeyo ndiye ankakonza miyambo yosiyanasiyana, monga Misa, magule, ndiponso maphwando. Ankakonzanso miyambo yoonera ndewu ya ng’ombe. Iye anati: “Nthawi zambiri tinkadziwa kuti pa miyambo imeneyi pakhala kuledzera ndiponso ndewu. Ngakhale kuti ndinkakonda kuchita nawo miyambo imeneyi, ndinkaona kuti ndikusowa chinachake pankhani ya chipembedzo.” Mboni za Yehova zitamulalikira, Alfonso anavomera kuphunzira Baibulo. Ngakhale kuti iyeyo amadwaladwala, anayamba kupita kumisonkhano ku Nyumba ya Ufumu. Panopo anasiya miyambo yake yonse ya chipembedzo chake chakale ndipo amayesetsa kulalikira kwa anthu odzamuzonda.

Izi ndi zitsanzo zochepa chabe za Amaya ambiri oona mtima amene apeza ufulu weniweni wachipembedzo. Inde, mbadwa za anthu amene anamanga zipilala zazikulu kwadzaoneni ku Yucatán zidakalipobe. Zimalankhulabe chinenero chakale chomwecho. Ambiri mwa anthu amenewa amakhalabe m’nyumba zadothi zofoleredwa ndi masamba a mitemgo ya kanjedza, monga ankachitira makolo awo akale ndipo amalimabe chimanga ndi thonje. Koma tsopano choonadi cha Mawu a Mulungu chamasula Amaya ambiri ku ukapolo wa chipembedzo chonyenga ndiponso zikhulupiriro zabodza. Iwo amayamikira kwambiri mawu a Yesu akuti: “Mudzadziwa choonadi, ndipo choonadi chidzakumasulani.”​—Yohane 8:32.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Mapu patsamba 13]

(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)

Chigawo cholamulidwa ndi Amaya akale

Gulf of Mexico

MEXICO

Dera la Yucatán

Chichén Itzá

Cobá

BELIZE

GUATEMALA

HONDURAS

EL SALVADOR

[Chithunzi patsamba 13]

Mabwinja a ufumu wa Amaya, ku Chichén Itzá

[Chithunzi patsamba 15]

Marcelino ndi mkazi wake, Margarita, akulalikira uthenga wabwino ku Yucatán