VUTO LIMENE LINALIPO: Anthu otsutsa ndiponso zinthu zimene analembapo uthenga wa m’Baibulo, sizinapangitse kuti Baibulo iwonongedwe. Koma sizinathele pamenepo. Anthu okopela ndi omasulila malemba anayesa kusintha uthenga wa m’Baibulo. Nthawi zina, anali kusintha mau a m’Baibulo kuti agwilizane ndi zikhulupililo zawo, m’malo mokhulupilila zimene Baibulo imaphunzitsa. Onani zitsanzo zotsatilazi:

• Malo olambilila: Zaka zapakati pa 100 B.C.E. ndi 300 B.C.E., olemba Pentatuke ya Asamariya anawonjezelapo mawu ena pa Ekisodo 20:17 akuti “ku Gerizimu. Kumeneko mudzamanga guwa la nsembe.” Pamenepa, Asamariya anali kufuna kuti Malemba agwilizane ndi nchito yawo yomanga kacisi ku “Gerizimu” kapena kuti pa Phili la Gerizimu.

• Ciphunzitso ca Utatu: Patapita zaka pafupifupi 300 pambuyo pakuti Baibulo yatha kulembedwa, munthu wina wokhulupilila Utatu anawonjezela mawu ena pa 1 Yohane 5:7 akuti “kumwamba, Atate, Mawu, ndi Mzimu Woyela: ndipo atatu amenewa ndi mmodzi.” Mawu amenewa mulibe mumpukutu woyambilila wa Baibulo. Katswili wina wa Baibulo dzina lake Bruce Metzger, anati: “Kuyambila zaka za m’ma 500 C.E.,” mawu amenewa anali “kupezeka kwambili m’mipukutu ya Cilatini Cakale ndi Baibulo la Cilatini lochedwa Vulgate.”

• Dzina la Mulungu: Potengela mwambo wa Ayuda, omasulila Baibulo ambili anaganiza zocotsa dzina la Mulungu m’Malemba. M’malomwake, anaikamo maina audindo monga akuti “Mulungu” kapena “Ambuye.” Komabe m’Baibulo, maina audindo amenewa sagwilitsidwa nchito ponena za Mlengi cabe, koma amagwilitsidwanso nchito ponena za anthu, mafano, ngakhale Mdyelekezi amene.—Yohane 10:34, 35; 1 Akorinto 8:5, 6; 2 Akorinto 4:4. *

MMENE BAIBULO INATETEZEKELA: Coyamba, ngakhale kuti okopela Baibulo ena anali osasamala ndi acinyengo, ambili anali aluso ndi osamala kwambili. Zaka zapakati pa 500 C.E. ndi 900 C.E., Amasorete anakopela Malemba Aciheberi. Zimene anakopelazo zimachedwa  kuti malemba Acimasorete. Iwo anali kupenda mau ndi zilembo mosamala kuti pasapezeke zolakwika zilizonse. Akapeza kuti zimene anali kukopela zinali zolakwika penapake, anali kulemba mau ofotokoza zimenezo m’mphepete mwa pepala. Amasorete anapewelatu kusintha uthenga wa m’Baibulo. Pulofesa wina dzina lake Moshe Goshen-Gottstein analemba kuti: “Iwo anali kuona kuti kusintha mwadala mau a m’Baibulo ndi mlandu waukulu.”

Caciŵili, popeza kuti pali mipukutu yambili masiku ano, akatswili a Baibulo amakwanitsa kudziŵa mawu olakwika. Mwacitsanzo, kwa zaka zambili, abusa a cipembedzo anali kuuza anthu kuti Mabaibulo awo a Cilatini ni amene anali ndi mawu olongosoka a m’Baibulo. Komabe, pa 1 Yohane 5:7, anawonjezelapo mawu olakwika amene tawachula kale m’nkhani ino. Mawu olakwikawo anayamba kupezeka ngakhale m’Baibulo yochuka yacingelezi ya King James Version. Koma atapeza mipukutu ina, zenizeni zinadziŵika. Bruce Metzger analemba kuti: “Mawu olakwikawo [a pa 1 Yohane 5:7] mulibe m’mipukutu yonse yakale (ya Cisiriya, Cikoputiki, Ciameniya, Ciitiyopiya, Ciarabu, Cisilavo), kupatulapo ya Cilatini.” Zotsatilapo zake n’zakuti Mabaibulo okonzedwanso a King James Version ndi Mabaibulo ena anacotsamo mawu olakwikawo.

Kodi mipukutu ya Baibulo yakale imatsimikizila bwanji kuti uthenga wa m’Baibulo unatetezedwa? Pamene Mipukutu ya ku Nyanja Yakufa inapezeka mu 1947, akatswili a Baibulo anayelekezela malemba Aciheberi Acimasorete ndi zimene zinali m’mipukutuyo. Mipukutu ya ku Nyanja Yakufa inalembedwa zaka zoposa 1000, malemba Aciheberi Acimasorete akalibe kulembedwa. Mmodzi wa olemba nkhani zokhudza Mipukutu ya ku Nyanja Yakufa anakamba kuti mpukutu umodzi “ndi wokwanila kupeleka umboni woonekelatu wakuti anthu Aciyuda amene anakopela mawu a m’Baibulo pa zaka zopitilila 1000 anali okhulupilika ndi osamala kwambili.”

M’laibulale ina ya mumzinda wa Dublin m’dziko la Ireland, muli mabuku pafupifupi onse a Malemba Acigiriki Acikhiristu olembedwa pa gumbwa. Mulinso mipukutu ya m’zaka za m’ma 100 C.E., imene inalembedwa patapita zaka pafupifupi 100 pambuyo pakuti Baibulo yatha kulembedwa. Dikishonale ina inati: “Ngakhale kuti zimene zinalembedwa pa gumbwa zikuonetsa njila ya kalembedwe katsopano, zolembazi zinalembedwa molondola kwambili ndipo zionetsa kuti Baibulo ni buku lodalilika.” (The Anchor Bible Dictionary)

ZOTSATILAPO ZAKE: Ngakhale kuti pali mipukutu yambili ya Baibulo ndipo ina ni yakale kwambili, uthenga wa m’Baibulo sunasinthe. M’malomwake, mipukutu imeneyi yathandiza kuti Mabaibulo a masiku ano akhale olondola kwambili. Pokamba za Malemba Acigiriki Acikhiristu, Sir Frederic Kenyon analemba kuti: “Palibe buku lina lakale limene lili ndi umboni woculuka ndi wodalilika wotsimikizila kuti zolembedwa zake n’zolongosoka. Ndipo palibe katswili wa Baibulo woona mtima amene angakane kuti Baibulo imene tili nayo masiku ano mawu ake ni olongosoka.” Kuwonjezela apo, ponena za Malemba Aciheberi, katswili wina dzina lake William Henry Green anati: “Tingakambe motsimikiza kuti palibe zolemba zina zakale zimene uthenga wake unakopedwa mosamala kwambili kupambana Malemba Aciheberi.”