He Koʼē ʼe Feala Ke Kotou Falala Ki Te ʼu Evaselio ʼAē ʼi Te Tohi-Tapu?

“Neʼe leleiʼia ʼaupitō e te hahaʼi. Neʼe tupu ai te fai ʼo te ʼu ʼata neʼe lauʼi miliona tonatou totogi . . . pea mo te ʼu tohi neʼe lahi tonatou fakatau . . . Ko te ʼu magaʼi lotu ʼo te Lotu Fakakilisitiano neʼe natou akoʼi ia te ʼu tohi ʼaia. Neʼe tupu ai ia te fakatuʼu ʼo he ʼu lotu pea mo te faʼu ia te ʼu akonaki ʼe kehe age.”​—SUPER INTERESSANTE, KO TE NUSIPEPA ʼO TE ʼU LOGO ʼI PELESIA.

NEʼE koteā te tupuʼaga ʼo te ʼu faʼahi fuli ʼaia? Neʼe talanoa ia te nusipepa ʼo ʼuhiga mo te fia ʼiloʼi e te hahaʼi pea mo te fakatafito ʼo te ʼu gāue ʼaē neʼe fai ki te ʼu tohi ʼaē ʼe lau ko te ʼu evaselio, mo te ʼu tohi ʼaē neʼe fai e te kau ʼapositolo pea mo te ʼu fakahā, ʼaē neʼe maʼu ʼi te vaelua ʼo te ʼuafulu sēkulō ʼi Nag Hammadi pea ʼi te tahi age ʼu koga meʼa ʼi Esipito. Ko te ʼu tohi ʼaia pea mo ʼihi atu ʼu tohi fēia neʼe fakahigoaʼi ʼi te agamāhani ko he ʼu tohi Gnostiques peʼe ko he ʼu tohi Apocryphes. a

Neʼe Fai Koa He Fonofono?

ʼI te temi ʼaenī ʼaē ʼe mole tui ai ia te hahaʼi ki te Tohi-Tapu pea mo te ʼu lotu, ko te ʼu tohi Gnostiques peʼe Apocryphes ʼe hagē ia ʼe leleiʼia e te hahaʼi tokolahi. Ko te ʼu tohi ʼaia neʼe malave ʼaupitō ki te faʼahiga manatu ʼa te hahaʼi tokolahi ʼo ʼuhiga mo te ʼu akonaki ʼa Sesu Kilisito pea mo te Lotu Fakakilisitiano totonu. Ohagē ko tona ʼui fēnei ʼi te nusipepa: “Ko te Evaselio ʼa Tomasi pea mo te tahi atu ʼu [tohi] apocryphes ʼe malave ki te loto ʼo te hahaʼi pea ʼe ʼāsili kaugamālie ʼi totatou temi: ko nātou ʼaia ʼaē ʼe holi ki te ʼu meʼa fakalaumālie kae ʼe mole natou falala ki te lotu.” Neʼe fakafuafua ʼi Pelesile “ ʼe ʼi ai te ʼu kūtuga ʼe teitei 30 ʼaē ʼe fakatafito tanatou ʼu tui ki te ʼu tohi Apocryphes.”

Ko te maʼu ʼo te ʼu tohi ʼaia neʼe ina fakamafola ia te manatu ʼaē, ko te Lotu Katolika ʼi te fā sēkulō O.T.T. b neʼe fonofono ke fufū ia te moʼoni ʼo ʼuhiga mo Sesu, pea neʼe molehi ʼihi fakamatala ʼo tona maʼuli ʼaē ʼe tuʼu ʼi te ʼu tohi Apocryphes, pea ko te ʼu Evaselio e fā ʼaē kua maʼu ʼi te ʼu Tohi-Tapu  ʼo totatou temi neʼe fetogi ia. Ko te fafine ko Elaine Pagels, ko te polofesea ʼo te ʼu lotu, neʼe talanoa ki te faʼahi ʼaia ʼo ina ʼui fēnei: “Kua tou kamata mahino iā ʼaho nei ko te meʼa ʼaē ʼe tou fakahigoa ko te Lotu Fakakilisitiano, pea mo te meʼa ʼaē ʼe tou ʼiloʼi ai ʼe ko te talatisio Fakakilisitiano, ʼi tona fakahagatonu ʼe haʼu pē ia mai te ʼu faʼahi tāfito neʼe filifili mai te tahi age ʼu haʼuʼaga ʼe lahi ʼaupitō.”

ʼI te manatu ʼa te hahaʼi sivi ʼo te Tohi-Tapu ohagē ko te fafine ko Pagels, ko te Tohi-Tapu ʼe mole ko te matapuna pē ʼaia e tahi ʼo te tui Fakakilisitiano; ʼe ʼi ai te tahi age ʼu matapuna, ohagē ko te ʼu tohi Apocryphes. Ohagē lā, ko te polokalama lātio BBC ko tona kupu tāfito Bible Mysteries (Te ʼu Misitelio ʼo Te Tohi-Tapu) “Te ʼUhiga Moʼoni ʼo Malia Maketalena,” neʼe fakahā ai ʼe tuʼu ʼi te ʼu tohi Apocryphes ko Malia Maketalena ko “te fafine faiakonaki pea mo te takitaki fakalaumālie ʼo te tahi atu ʼu tisipulo. Neʼe laka ʼi te tuʼulaga tisipulo; neʼe ko he ʼapositolo moʼo takitaki ia te kau ʼapositolo.” ʼI tana talanoa ʼo ʼuhiga mo te tuʼulaga ʼe lau neʼe maʼu e Malia Maketalena, ʼe tohi fēnei e Juan Arias ʼi te sulunale Pelesile O Estado de S. Paulo: “Iā ʼaho nei, ʼe lahi te ʼu faʼahi ʼe ina taki ai tātou ke tou tui ko te Lotu Fakakilisitiano ʼo te ʼuluaki sēkulō, ʼaē neʼe fakatuʼu e Sesu, neʼe ‘ko he lotu neʼe fakamaʼuhigaʼi ai te hahaʼi fafine,’ heʼe ko te ʼu ʼuluaki ʼapi ʼaē neʼe fai ai te tauhi neʼe ko te ʼu ʼapi ʼa te ʼu fafine, ʼaē neʼe natou gāue ai ohagē ko he ʼu pātele pea mo ʼēpikopō.”

Maʼa te hahaʼi tokolahi, ko te ʼu tohi Apocryphes ʼe hagē ia ʼe maʼuhiga age ʼi te Tohi-Tapu. Kae ʼuhi ko te faʼahi ʼaia, ʼe malaga ai ia te ʼu fehuʼi maʼuhiga: Ko te ʼu tohi Apocryphes ʼe ko he fakatafito koa ʼe tuha ke tou falala kiai ʼo ʼuhiga mo te tui Fakakilisitiano? Kā fakafeagai te ʼu tohi ʼaia ki te ʼu akonaki ʼaē ʼo te Tohi-Tapu, ko te tohi feā ʼaē ʼe tonu ke tou tui kiai: ko te Tohi-Tapu peʼe ko te ʼu tohi Apocryphes? Neʼe ʼi ai moʼoni koa he fonofono neʼe fai ʼi te fā sēkulō moʼo molehi ia te ʼu tohi ʼaia pea mo fetogi ia te ʼu Evaselio e fā ʼo toʼo ai ia te ʼu manatu maʼuhiga ʼo ʼuhiga mo Sesu, mo Malia Maketalena, pea mo ʼihi atu? Moʼo tali ki te ʼu fehuʼi ʼaia, tou vakaʼi ia he Evaselio ʼi te ʼu Evaselio e fā ʼo te Tohi-Tapu, ia te Evaselio ʼa Soane.

Ko Te Fakamoʼoni Mai Ia Te Evaselio ʼa Soane

Neʼe maʼu ia te koga maʼuhiga ʼo te Evaselio ʼa Soane ʼi Esipito ʼi te fakaʼosi ʼo te ʼu taʼu 1900, pea ʼe higoa iā ʼaho nei ko te Papyrus Rylands 457 (P⁵²). ʼE tohi ai ia te koga tohi ʼo Soane 18:31-33, 37, 38 ʼaē ʼe tou maʼu ʼi te Tohi-Tapu ʼo totatou temi pea ʼe taupau ia te pepa ʼaia ʼi Pilitānia, ʼi te Fale Tānakiʼaga Tohi John Rylands. ʼE ko te koga ʼaia ʼaē ʼe ʼāfea ʼaupitō ʼo te Koga Tohi-Tapu Fakakeleka ʼaē kua tou maʼu iā ʼaho nei. Tokolahi te hahaʼi sivi Tohi-Tapu ʼe natou tui neʼe hiki lagi ʼi te taʼu 125 O.T.T., ko taʼu e 25 tupu ʼi te ʼosi mate ʼo Soane. Ko te meʼa ʼaē ʼe fakaofoofo ai he ko te ʼu meʼa ʼaē neʼe tohi ʼi te pepa ʼaia neʼe maʼu, ʼe teitei ʼalutahi pē mo te ʼu hiki tohi ʼaē neʼe fai ki muli age. ʼI te kua maʼu ʼi Esipito ia te hiki ʼo te tohi ʼo te Evaselio ʼa Soane, ʼaē neʼe maʼu ai ia te koga tohi ʼaia, ʼe lagolago ai ki te manatu ʼaē ko te logo lelei ʼaē neʼe tala e Soane neʼe kua ʼosi tohi moʼoni ia ʼi te ʼuluaki sēkulō O.T.T. ʼe Soane totonu, ohagē pē ko tona fakahā ʼi te Tohi-Tapu. Koia, ko te tohi ʼa Soane ʼe ko te gāue ʼa he tahi neʼe sio mata ki te ʼu meʼa neʼe hoko.

ʼI te tahi age faʼahi, neʼe fai ia te ʼu tohi Apocryphes fuli ʼi te lua sēkulō, ko taʼu e teau peʼe laka atu ʼi te ʼosi hoko ʼo te ʼu meʼa ʼaē ʼe fakamatala ai. Ko ʼihi hahaʼi popoto ʼe natou faiga ke natou fakamahino te faʼahi ʼaia ʼo ʼui ko te ʼu tohi Apocryphes ʼe fakatafito ki te ʼu tohi ʼāfea atu peʼe ko te ʼu talatisio neʼe kua fualoa atu tona maʼu, kae ʼe mole he  fakamoʼoni ki te faʼahi ʼaia. Koia, ʼe lelei ke tou fai ia te fehuʼi ʼaenī: ʼE kotou falala anai koa ki te faʼahi fea, te fakamoʼoni ʼo he tahi neʼe sio mata ki te ʼu meʼa neʼe ina tohi peʼe ko te fakamoʼoni ʼo te hahaʼi neʼe māʼuʼuli iā taʼu e teau ʼi te kua hili ʼo te ʼu meʼa ʼaē neʼe hoko? ʼE tou ʼiloʼi fuli tona tali kiai. c

ʼE feafeaʼi ʼo ʼuhiga mo te ʼui ʼaē neʼe fetogi te ʼu Evaselio ʼaē ʼi te Tohi-Tapu ke molehi ai ʼihi fakamatala ʼo ʼuhiga mo te maʼuli ʼo Sesu? Ohagē lā, ʼi te Evaselio ʼa Soane, ʼe ʼi ai koa he fakamoʼoni ʼe ina fakahā ai neʼe fetogi ʼi te fā sēkulō moʼo fufū te ʼu meʼa ʼaē neʼe hoko? Moʼo tali ki te fehuʼi ʼaia, ʼe tonu ke tou manatuʼi ko te tahi ʼi te ʼu fakatāfitoʼaga ʼo te Tohi-Tapu ʼaē ʼe tou maʼu ʼi totatou temi, ʼe ko te tohi ʼaē neʼe hiki ʼi te fā sēkulō ʼaē ʼe higoa ʼi te temi nei ko te Vatican 1209. Kapau ʼe maʼu ʼi tatatou Tohi-Tapu ia te ʼu fetogi neʼe fai ʼi te fā sēkulō, pea ko te ʼu fetogi ʼaia ʼe tonu anai ke hā ʼi te tohi ʼaia neʼe hiki. Meʼa lelei foki, ko te tahi tohi neʼe hiki ʼe tohi ai te koga lahi ʼo te tohi ʼa Luka pea mo Soane, ʼe higoa ʼi te temi nei ko Bodmer 14, 15 (P⁷⁵), neʼe tohi ʼi te taʼu 175 O.T.T. ki te taʼu 225 O.T.T. ʼO mulimuli ki te ʼui ʼa te hahaʼi popoto, ʼe mole kehekehe ia te tohi ʼaia neʼe hiki mo te Vatican 1209. ʼE feala pē ke tou ʼui ʼe mole he ʼu fetogi lahi neʼe fai ki te ʼu Evaselio ʼaē ʼi te Tohi-Tapu, pea ʼe tou maʼu ia te tohi ʼaē neʼe hiki te Vatican 1209 moʼo fakamoʼoni kiai.

ʼE mole he fakamoʼoni, peʼe ko he tohi peʼe ko he tahi age meʼa moʼo fakamoʼoni ko te tohi ʼa Soane, pea mo te tahi ʼu Evaselio, neʼe fetogi lolotoga ia te fā sēkulō. ʼI tana ʼosi vakaʼi ia te ʼu koga tohi ʼaē neʼe hiki neʼe maʼu ʼi Oxyrhynchus, ʼi Esipito, ʼe tohi fēnei e te polofesea ko Peter M. Head ʼo te univesitē ʼo Cambridge: “Ko te ʼu tohi ʼaia ʼaē neʼe hiki ʼe natou fakamoʼoni ki te tohi ʼo te ʼu tohi ʼaki te ʼu mataʼi tohi lalahi neʼe fai ʼi te fā sekulō ʼaē ʼe fakatafito kiai ia te ʼu tohi ʼaē ʼe fai ʼi totatou temi ʼe talanoa ki te ʼu faʼahi ʼaia. ʼE mole he faʼahi ʼe ina fakamaʼua ia he mahino foʼou ʼo ʼuhiga mo te logo ʼaē ʼe tuʼu ʼi te ʼu tohi ʼo te Tauhi Foʼou.”

Koteā Tatatou Manatu Kiai?

Ko te ʼu Evaselio e fā ʼaē ʼe kau ki te Tohi-Tapu, ia Mateo, mo Maleko, mo Luka pea mo Soane, neʼe tali kātoa ʼi te kau Kilisitiano lagi ʼi te vaelua ʼo te lua sēkulō. Ko te tohi Diatessaron (ko he kupu Fakakeleka ko tona fakaʼuhiga “ ʼe fakatafito ki [te] fā”) ʼa Tatien ʼaē kua lahi tona fakaʼaogaʼi, neʼe fakatahiʼi ʼi te vaha taʼu 160 ki te taʼu 175 O.T.T., neʼe fakatafito ʼāteaina pē ki te ʼu Evaselio e fā ʼaē ʼi te Tohi-Tapu pea neʼe mole ina fakaʼaogaʼi pē lā he “evaselio” Gnostique e tahi. (Vakaʼi ia te fakamatala ʼaē ʼe ʼātakai, “Ko Te ʼUluaki Fakamoʼoni Neʼe Fai ʼo ʼUhiga Mo Te ʼu Evaselio.”) ʼE toe lelei ke tou tokagaʼi ia te manatu ʼa Irénée ʼi te fakaʼosi ʼo te lua sēkulō O.T.T. Neʼe ina fakamoʼoni ʼe ko Evaselio e fā ohagē pē ko te ʼu potu e fā ʼi te kele (noleto, mo saute, mo esitē mo ʼuesitē). Logolā neʼe feala pē ke fakafihiʼi ia tana fakatatau ʼaia, kae ko tana manatu ʼe lagolago ki te manatu ʼaē neʼe ko te ʼu Evaselio pē e fā ʼo te Tohi-Tapu ʼi te temi ʼaia.

Koteā ʼaē ʼe fakahā ai e te ʼu faʼahi fuli ʼaia? Ko te Koga Tohi-Tapu Fakakeleka, ʼaē ʼe kau kiai ia te ʼu Evaselio e fā, ʼaē ʼe tou maʼu iā ʼaho nei, neʼe mole fetogi ia talu mai ia te lua sēkulō ʼo aʼu mai kiā ʼaho nei. ʼE mole he tupuʼaga ke tou tui ai neʼe ʼi ai he fonofono ʼi te fā sēkulō moʼo fetogi peʼe moʼo molehi he koga ʼo te Tohi-Tapu ʼaē neʼe takitaki tona tohi e te ʼAtua. Kailoa ia, neʼe tohi fēnei e te  tagata sivi Tohi-Tapu ko Bruce Metzger: “ ʼI te fakaʼosi ʼo te lua sēkulō . . . ko te logotahi ʼaupitō ʼo ʼuhiga mo te toe koga lahi ʼo te Tauhi Foʼou neʼe maʼu ʼi te lotolotoiga ʼo te ʼu kōkelekāsio ʼo te hahaʼi tui kehekehe pea neʼe mafola ʼo mole gata pē ʼi Metitelanea kae ʼi te ʼu potu mai Pilitānia ki Mesopotamia.”

Ko te ʼu ʼapositolo ko Paulo pea mo Petelo neʼe nā lagolago ki te moʼoni ʼo te Folafola ʼa te ʼAtua. Ko nāua tokolua neʼe nā fai he fakatokaga mālohi ki te ʼu Kilisitiano ʼo ʼuhiga mo te tali pea mo te tui ki he tahi age meʼa ʼi te ʼu meʼa ʼaē neʼe nā akoʼi. Ohagē lā neʼe tohi fēnei e Paulo kiā Timoteo: “Ê Timoteo, taupau te koloā ʼaē neʼe tuku atu kiā te koe, ʼo ke lītuʼa ki te ʼu akonaki noa ʼaē ʼe natou moamoagaʼi te meʼa ʼaē ʼe māʼoniʼoni, pea mo te ʼu fakafeagai ʼo te meʼa ʼaē ʼe higoaʼi hala ‘ko te atamai mālama.’ Ko ʼihi ʼi tanatou fia hā ʼaki te taʼi mālama ʼaia neʼe natou hēhē mai te tui.” Neʼe fakamoʼoni fēnei e Petelo: “Neʼe mole ko te mulimuli ʼaē ki he ʼu fagana neʼe fakakaukauʼi lelei, ʼaē neʼe matou fakahā atu ai te mālohi pea mo te ʼi henī ʼo totatou ʼAliki ko Sesu Kilisito, kae ʼuhi ko tamatou sio mata ki tona kolōlia.”—1 Timoteo 6:20, 21; 2 Petelo 1:16.

Kua hili kiai te ʼu sēkulō, neʼe tohi fēnei e te polofetā ko Isaia ʼaki te takitaki ʼa te ʼAtua: “Kua moamoa te mohuku, kua fefe te fisiʼi teu; kae ʼo ʼuhiga mo te folafola ʼa totatou ʼAtua, ʼe tologa anai ia ʼo aʼu ki he ʼu temi ʼe mole ʼiloʼi hona gataʼaga.” (Isaia 40:8) ʼE feala ke tou falala fēia mo tātou, ko Ia ʼaē neʼe ina takitaki ia te tohi ʼo te Tohi-Tapu neʼe ina toe taupau ʼi te fakalaka ʼo te temi ke feala ai “ke haofaki te faʼahiga tagata fuli pē, pea ke natou aʼu ki te ʼātamai mālama totonu ʼo te moʼoni.”—1 Timoteo 2:4.

[ʼU nota]

[Fakamatala ʼo te pasina 9]

Ko te Papyrus Rylands 457 (P⁵²), ko te koga ʼo te Evaselio ʼa Soane neʼe tohi ʼi te lua sēkulō O.T.T., hili pē ni ʼu taʼu ʼi te ʼosi tohi e Soane ia tana Evaselio

[Talanoa/Paki ʼo te pasina 11]

Ko Te ʼUluaki Fakamoʼoni Neʼe Fai ʼo ʼUhiga Mo Te ʼu Evaselio

ʼI te kamata ʼo te hisitolia ʼo te Lotu Fakakilisitiano, ko te hahaʼi valoki neʼe natou ʼui ko te ʼu Evaselio ʼe fefakafeagaiʼaki pea ʼe mole feala ai ke tou falala ki tanatou ʼu fakamatala. Ko te tagata faitohi Silia ko Tatien (lagi ʼi te 110 ki te 180 O.T.T.) neʼe ina foaki ia he fakamoʼoni ʼo ʼuhiga mo te ʼu Evaselio. Kiā ia ko te ʼu manatu ʼaē ʼe hagē ʼe fefakafeagaiʼaki ʼe puli anai mo kapau neʼe ʼalutahi lelei ia te ʼu Evaselio pea mo fakatahiʼi ko he fakamatala e tahi, kae mole ko fakamatala e fā.

Neʼe kamata teuteuʼi e Tatien ia te fakatahi ʼaia ʼo te ʼu Evaselio. ʼE mole tou ʼiloʼi pe neʼe ina fai ʼi te lea Fakakeleka peʼe Fakasiliake. Kae lagi ʼi te 170 O.T.T., neʼe ʼosi ia te gāue ʼo Tatien, ʼaē neʼe higoa ko te Diatessaron, ko he kupu Fakakeleka ko tona fakaʼuhiga “ ʼe fakatafito ki [te] fā.” He koʼē ʼe tonu ke kotou tokagaʼi ia te tohi ʼaia ʼaē neʼe mole haʼu mai te ʼAtua?

ʼI te 19 sēkulō, ko te hahaʼi valoki neʼe natou kamata lagolago ki te manatu ʼaē ʼe mole he Evaselio neʼe tohi ʼi muʼa atu ʼo te vaelua ʼo te lua sēkulō O.T.T.; koia, neʼe mole maʼuhiga tanatou ʼu fakamatala. Ko te ʼu tohi ʼāfea neʼe hiki ai te tohi Diatessaron ʼaē neʼe maʼu talu mai ai, ʼe natou foaki ia he fakamoʼoni, ko te ʼu Evaselio e fā​—pea ʼe gata pē ki te ʼu tohi ʼaia e fā—​neʼe kua ʼiloʼi lelei e te hahaʼi pea mo tali ohagē ko he ʼu tohi neʼe tānaki ʼi te vaelua ʼo te lua sēkulō O.T.T.

Ko te maʼu ʼo te tohi Diatessaron pea mo te ʼu fakamatala ʼaē neʼe fai ʼo ʼuhiga mo te tohi ʼaia ʼi te ʼu lea Fakaʼalape, mo te Fakaʼalamea, mo te Fakakeleka, pea mo te Fakalatina, neʼe ina taki ai ia te tagata sivi Tohi-Tapu ko Frederic Kenyon ke ina tohi fēnei: “Ko te ʼu tohi ʼaia ʼaē neʼe maʼu neʼe ina pulihi ia te ʼu fakaʼapeʼapē lua ʼo ʼuhiga mo te tohi Diatessaron, pea neʼe fakamoʼoni ai lagi ʼi te 170 O.T.T., ko te ʼu Evaselio e fā ʼo te Tohi-Tapu neʼe natou maʼuhiga age pea neʼe mole feala ke fakafihiʼi, ʼi te tahi age ʼu fakamatala fuli ʼo ʼuhiga mo te maʼuli ʼo totatou Fakamaʼuli.”

[Paki]

TATIEN

Ko te tohi te diatessaron ʼi te lea fakaʼalape

[Paki ʼo te pasina 8]

(Vakaʼi te nusipepa)

“l.” ʼe fakaʼuhiga ki te “lagi ʼi te”

33 O.T.T.

neʼe mate ia Sesu

l. 41

neʼe faitohi ia Mateo

l. 58

neʼe faitohi ia Luka

l. 65

neʼe faitohi ia Maleko

l. 98

neʼe faitohi ia Soane

125

Rylands 457 (P52)

l. 140

Kamataʼaga ʼo te ʼu tohi Apocryphes

l. 175

Bodmer 14, 15 (P75)

Fā sēkulō

Vatican 1209

[Paki ʼo te pasina 10]

Vatican 1209

Ko te tohi Vatican 1209, ʼo te fā sēkulō, ʼaē ʼe tuʼu ʼi ʼoluga, ʼe ina fakahā mai ʼe veliveli ia te ʼu fetogi ʼaē neʼe fai ʼi te ʼu tohi ʼo te ʼu Evaselio

[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki]

From the book Bibliorum Sacrorum Graecus Codex Vaticanus, 1868

[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki pasina 9]

© The Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin